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Uranus
Quick Facts
 
Length of Day: 17 hours 14 minutes
Diameter: 31,763 miles
Mass: 1.9146927 x 1026 pounds
Effective Temperature: -357°F
Distance from Sun: 1,784 million miles
Atmosphere:
83% hydrogen, 15% helium, 2% methane
Length of Year: 84 Earth years
Moons: 27 known
Rings: 11
Uranus

Uranus (YOOR uh nuhs) was the first planet discovered through a telescope, but when he discovered it in 1781, astronomer William Herschel initially believed it was a comet. The seventh planet from the sun, Uranus appears to be tipped on its side! One pole - and then the other - faces the Sun on the planet's long orbit.

Uranus, Neptune, Jupiter and Saturn are the gas giants. In the outer reaches of the Solar System, the dust in the solar nebula that formed the planets was rich in rocky materials and in ices of methane, ammonia, and water.

Uranus probably formed more slowly than Jupiter and Saturn, and it could not capture large amounts of helium and hydrogen from the nebula with its gravitational pull. It is likely that Uranus also was knocked over by another large object when it was forming causing it to be tipped by about 90 degrees compared to the other planets. (Image Right: Uranus, Courtesy of NASA)

DID YOU KNOW?
It takes 84 Earth years for Uranus to make one trip around the sun.
Uranus Ring System (Courtesy of NASA/JPL)
Uranus Ring System (Courtesy of NASA/JPL)
Features

Uranus probably has a rocky, cold core, surrounded by a liquid mantle of water, methane, and ammonia, all encased in an atmosphere of hydrogen and helium. The planet is covered in clouds. Methane in the upper atmosphere gives Uranus its blue-green color.

The planet has 27 known moons. Uranus has 11 faint rings that circle the planet's equator. The rings and the equator seem to be almost upright since the planet is tilted on its side. Uranus's nine main rings are made of a single layer of particles, something not found in other rings.

Explore more about the features of Uranus at NASA's Solar System Exploration website.

Voyager 2 Spacecraft (Courtesy of NASA)
Voyager 2 Spacecraft (Courtesy of NASA)
Missions

So far, NASA's Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to visit Uranus. Launched in 1977, Voyager 2 made its closest approach to Uranus in January 1986, coming within miles 50,600 miles (81,500 kilometers) of the planet's cloud tops before continuing its journey to Neptune. The probe studied Uranus very closely, including examining its ring system and discovering 10 new moons!

Learn more about missions to Uranus at NASA's Solar System Exploration website.

Uranus plaque in Adler's Rainbow Lobby (C. Stillwell, Adler Planetarium)
Uranus plaque in Adler's Rainbow Lobby (C. Stillwell, Adler Planetarium)
Myths, Stories, and More

Uranus is the only planet called by its Greek name rather than a Roman god's name. Uranus was the god of the sky who ruled over the day and night. Born of Gaia, the Earth, he covered the world in a golden dome. He fathered the Titans, who fathered the gods, so technically he was Zeus's grandpa.

The Solar System doubled in size when Uranus was discovered. The planet is twice as far away from the Sun as its closer neighbor, Saturn.

Learn more about Uranus at Windows to the Universe.

Earth and Uranus Size Comparison (Courtesy of NASA)
Earth and Uranus Size Comparison (Courtesy of NASA)
Earth Matters

Uranus is 14 times the mass of Earth, and its diameter is 4 times Earth's diameter. Since it lies on its side, Uranus's seasons last over 20 Earth years. Temperatures do not vary greatly from summer to winter. When the Sun rises at its north pole, it stays up for 42 Earth years. When the Sun sets, the north pole is in darkness for 42 years.

Learn more about Uranus and Earth on NASA's website.

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