Signature	Maker Info	Instruments	Comments	Location	References
R. 1	Holland, 1602, NIM	Mariner's Astrolabe, 1602 (NMM-56) = AMST.	NMM is the Census of Mariner's Astrolabes.		Mörzer Bruyns 3; A. Stimson 3; RSW.
R. 2	MIM	Barrel Measure, wood and ivory, 64 inches = Salem Maritime Nat'l Site.	rule now in two pieces		RSW.
R.C.	England, 18th Century, MIM	Dividers, iron = Bovet Coll. = NMM.			RSW.
R.D.	Germany, 1838, MIM				Evans 1.
R.D.H.A.E.	Germany?, 1765, MIM	Table Sundial, stone, 1765 = NUR.			Zinner 1.
R.E. 1	Germany, MIM	Astrolabe = DEU.	mastermark in shield.		D. Bachman 1.
R.E. 2	England, fl.1770-1805, MIM	Sundials, vertical = the Church and a house on Thomas Street North in Monkwearmouth.	schoolmaster; parish clerk.	Boldon.	Gatty.
R.F. 1	Germany, 1590,		marked on a stone perpetual calendar by M. Joh. Helsbeccius in the HAK museum.		RSW.
R.F. 2	France, c.1620, MIM	Astronomical Compendium = Evans Coll. = OXF; Diptych Sundial, octagonal, ivory = Soth. 7/7/78 = Soth. 12/15/55-160.	initials and punchmark on base of diptych, punchmark is an inverted V with a little circle above it; both instruments have paper or leather lining on 1b and 2a; Soth. has a blue lining on 1b with a list of latitudes in gold, and with a slide to set string at proper latitude.	Dieppe ?	Evans 1; RSW.
R.F. 3	England, 1630,		initials marked on a quadrant by John Chatfield, 1630.		RSW.
R.F. 4	France, 1633, MIM	Diptych Sundial, ivory, 1633 = Vivielle Coll.	has a nocturnal on the cover; possibly R.F. 2.	Dieppe ?	Madex; RSW.
R.G. 1			marked on the compass cards in Elias Allen's sundials, surely Ralph Greatorix; marked on paper compass card of horizontal sundial, WHI-1191, probably Ralph Greatorex; other marks on WHI sundial are "H." (4) and "C.P." (2).		Bryden 16; RSW.
R.G. 2	MIM	Sundial in ivory sphere = Soth. 3/11/63.			RSW.
R.H.	1612,		instrument maker ?		Evans 1.
R.K.	Denmark,		marked on 1772 compass card signed "Rasmus Koch."	Copenhagen.	RSW.
R.L.			see Richard LeKeux.		Brewington 1.
R.L.S.P., PRES.			see Pres. R.L.S.P.		RSW.
R.M. 1	England, 1631, MIM	Astrolabe, 1631 = BM.	ICA-312.	another astrolabe at KEN, 1631, signed "Richard Melbourne", which see.	Price 1 & 3; Ward 4; ICA 2; Taylor 1(167); Clay and Court; Evans 1.
R.M. 2	England, 18th Century, MIM	Garden Sundial = Nat'l Museum of Wales.	initials added later.	Wales.	Peate.
R.P.	1708, MIM	Horary Quadrant, crude, 1708 = OXF.			RSW.
R.S. 1	England, fl.1631-34, MIM	Astrolabe Quadrant, 1631 = Koller 11/17/75; Quadrants = BM (1632), OXF (1634).			Evans 1; Michel 3; Dewhirst; Taylor 1(174); Clay and Court; Price 3; Ward 4.
R.S. 2	England, 1654, MIM	Table Sundial, lead, 1654 = London Museum.			RSW.
R.S. 3	Germany?, 18th Century, MIM	Diptych Sundials, wood = NOR (2), UTR	marked "Autor"; the dials in the NOR shows a frock coated figure and a hand; the UTR dial was exhibited in the Delft sundial exhibition of 1984.		de Rijk; RSW.
R.S. 4	Germany, 18th Century, MIM	Miner's Compass = Koller 11/17/75.			RSW.
R.S. 5			Robert Smith ?; Richard Saunders ? or the father of Henry Sutton ?		Taylor 1(174); RSW.
R.T.	England?, 1531, MIM	Pair of Dividers, 1531 = Soth. 4/18/88.			RSW.
R.V.K.			owner!; the initials are on a circumferentor by D. Metz at the TIM, 1987.		RSW.
R.W. 1	England, 1617, MIM	Sundial, sandstone, 1617 = The Washington House, Little Brington, Northhampton.	might be Robert Washington.		Earle.
R.W. 2	MIM	Garden Sundial = ADL-W150.			ADL; RSW.
R.W. 3	England, c.1840, MIM		punched in middle of ivory scale on unsigned octant at PMS.		RSW.
R.Z.	Germany, c.1581,		marked on 1b of ADL-M258, c.1581.		Engelmann 1; ADL; RSW.
RAALINI, C.	England, c.1825, PHIM	Wheel Barometers = Jared Coffin House, Nantucket, Mass., X (2), Soth.-PB pre 1980 and Soth. 12/14/89.		Preston.	Goodison 1; RSW.
RABALIO, PETER	Italy; England, fl.1760-89 d.1791, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X; Barometer, multiple tube = X; Stick Barometer = X; Barometer = Soth. 3/7/75.	the wheel barometer is signed "P. Rabalio Birmingham"; most are signed simply "Rabalio"; also a thermometer maker.	at the Sign of the Barometer, 18 Edgbaston Street, Birmingham; at the Sign of the Dolphin, Coventry; at the Sign of the Golden Lion, in Hamston Gate, Leicester; at Mrs. Dowee's in High Street, near the College-Gate, Worcester; all before 1789.	Goodison 1; Bryden 9; RSW.
RABELON, ISAAC	England, 1719, PHIM	Barometer, 1719 = KEN.			Daumas 1.
RABONE	England, c.1900, MIM	Folding Rule = P.C.	marked "Warranted Boxwood"; "made in England."		RSW.
RABONE AND MASON	England, fl.1834-37, PHIM		barometer makers; firm later became known as "John Rabone."	61 St. Pauls Square, Birmingham.	Taylor 2(1972); Goodison 1.
RABONE, ELIZABETH	England, c.1808, MIM		rule maker.	Water Street, Birmingham.	Bryden 9.
RABONE, EPHRAIM	England, c.1818, MIM		rule maker.	Water Street, Birmingham.	Bryden 9.
RABONE, JOHN	England, fl.1829-60, PHIM	Double Folding Rule, wood = La Rochelle 7/16/83.	barometer maker; probably a partner in Rabone and Mason; worked alone in 1829 and 1839-58; took his son into the firm, 1858-60.	Ludgate Hill (1829); 61 St. Pauls Square (1839-60); both in Birmingham.	Goodison 1; Bryden 9; Taylor 2(1972); RSW.
RABONE, JOHN, AND SON	England, fl.1858-60, MIM		the Rabone firm was established in 1784; makers of boxwood and ivory rules; trade catalogue at OXF.	Hockley Abbey Works, Birmingham.	RSW.
RABONE, JOHN, AND SONS	England, c.1860, MIM	Bubble Level = P.C.; Folding Rule, wood = DRE; Rope Gauge, boxwood and brass = Soth.-WS 12/13/83;	some of the instruments are signed "J. Rabone and Sons."	Birmingham.	Taylor 2(1942); G.L'E. Turner 24; RSW.
RABONE, T.	England, PHIM	Stick Barometers = X, Soth.-S 1/10/90.		London.	Goodison 1; RSW.
RABONE, THOMAS	England, fl.1829-60, MIM PHIM		barometer maker.	8 Court Water Street (1824); 12 Court, Broad Street (1835); Hockley Hill (1847); 172 Hockley Hill (1849-54); Frederick Street; 63 Great Hampton Street (1858); 61 Great Hampton Street (1860); all in Birmingham.	Taylor 2(1972); Goodison 1.
RABUS, JACOB	Germany, c.1556, MIM	Horary Quadrants = NUR (1556), STU.	the quadrant in the NUR is dedicated to Ottheinrich von de Pfalz, it is marked on the back "OHPC"; the quadrant in the STU is dedicated to Herzog Wolfgang von Bayern.	Memmingen.	Zinner 1.
RABY, EDWARD	England, c.1834, OIM			Great Brook Street, Birmingham.	Taylor 2(1976).
RAD, CHRISTOPHER	Germany, c.1683, MIM	Orrery, 1683, was owned by Chr. Treffler in 1683, now lost. Celestial Globe = HAK.	goldsmith; the globe at HAK, 54 cm. in diameter, is signed "RAD" at the south pole.	Augsburg.	Zinner 1; Bobinger 3; Stevenson.
RADEMACHER	England, PHIM	Stick Barometer = X.		Eccles.	Goodison 1.
RADFORD	England, OIM		T.C.	over against the East End of the New Church in the Strand, London.	Crawforth 1.
RADFORD, JOHN	England, fl.1668-95, OIM		optician.	at the Golden Spectacles without Temple Bar (1668); St. Clement Danes (1695); both in London.	Clay and Court; Daumas 1.
RADSMA, TJEERD JACOBS	Holland, c.1686-1790, MIM		he made eight clocks with planetariums.	Harlingen.	Rooseboom 1.
RADULF	Belgium, c.1025, MIM		made a different form of astrolabe c.1025; Magister of Liège.	Liège.	Zinner 1.
RAETOR, JOHN	England, c.1801, MIM OIM PHIM			49 Cheapside, Deritend, Birmingham.	Bryden 9.
RAFFLE	France, MIM	Protractor = P.C.(1968).	Rafflé.	Paris.	RSW.
RAGGETT, JAMES	England, c.1830, OIM			21 London Street, Reading.	Taylor 2(1977).
RAHNE, PETER	Germany, c.1740, MIM	Sectors = STU, THO.	"Peter Rahne Fecit: zu Berlin."	Berlin.	Hambly 2; RSW.
RAHTJEN, G.	Germany, NIM	Octant, ebony and ivory = P.C.(1979).		Bremen.	RSW.
RAIDEL, HANS FRIEDRICH	Germany, c.1627, MIM SIM	Surveying Instrument, incomplete, 1627 = AUG; Horary Quadrant, 1627 = AUG.		Augsburg.	Zinner 1; Price 2; RSW.
RAILLE, H.			see Evin and H. Raille.		USNM.
RAIMONDUS, PETRUS	Italy, 1375, MIM	Astrolabe, 1375 = A.C. Baldwin Coll. = BOS.		Cumae.	Exhibition of 1876, London; Thorndike; RSW.
RAINER FRISIUS			see Gemma Frisius.		Zinner 1.
RAINGO FRERES	France, c.1820, MIM	Orrery Clock = D.(1976).	Raingo Frères; clock makers.	Paris.	RSW.
RAINGO, Z.	Belgium; France, c.1824, MIM	Orrery Clocks = TIM (1987)(2); Royal Collction, Madrid, Windsor Castle (1824), P.C., Sloan Museum, BMR, Soth. 1/16/62 and 7/12/63, P-B 10/12/64; Planetarium = CNAM.		Tournai; Paris.	Pippa; Horological Journal, 1960; RSW; etc.
RAITTENAU, AEGIDIUS EBERHARD VON	Germany, 1605-75, MIM	Celestial Globe, 1546 = Harburg Sammlung Hohenlohe; Sundial, triangular, 1666 = KRE; Azimuth Sundial, 1668 = KRE; Logarithmic Machine, 1670 = KRE.	made other instruments, dated between 1645 and 1669, whose location is not known; author; Benedictine monk; "Mechaniker, Mathematiker und Architekt"; the globe is signed "Rabus 1546."	Kremsmünster.	Zinner 1.
RAMAGE	Scotland, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X; Barometer = D.(1968).	probably John Ramage 1 or 2.	Aberdeen.	Goodison 1; RSW.
RAMAGE AND CO.	Scotland, fl.1837-38, OIM PHIM		might have made barometers; see Smith and Ramage; see John Ramage 1 & 2.	41 St. Nicholas Street (1837); 6 St. Nicholas Lane (1838); both in Aberdeen.	Goodison 1.
RAMAGE, CHARLES	Scotland, fl.1845-60, NIM OIM PHIM		partner in Smith and Ramage; see John Ramage 1 and 2; see Ramage and Co.	45 Regents Quay, Aberdeen.	Goodison 1.
RAMAGE, JOHN 1	Scotland, fl.1806-35, OIM PHIM	Telescope, single draw = Christie-SK 11/27/86.	made large teescopes; probably was also a barometer maker.	85 Broad Street (1824-29); 39 Union Street (1831-35); both in Aberdeen.	Taylor 2(1202); Goodison 1; RSW.
RAMAGE, JOHN 2	Scotland, fl.1835-36, OIM PHIM		might have made barometers; possibly the son of John Ramage 1; see Ramage and Co.; see Smith and Ramage.	39 Union Street (1835); 104 Union Street (1836); both in Aberdeen.	Goodison 1.
RAMAS, P.	England, PHIM	Stick Barometer = X.	probably P. Ramos, which see.		Goodison 1.
RAMIRES, FRANCISCO	Spain?, 1853, MIM	Universal Equatorial Sundial, 1853 = Soth. 5/29/61.			RSW.
RAMME, EDWARD	England, c.1634, MIM		apprenticed to John Blighton 1 in the Grocers' Company, June 24, 1626; free in the Company Aug. 5, 1634.	London.	J. Brown 1.
RAMMINGER, JAKOB	Germany, 1594, MIM	Miner's Compass, 1594 = BM; Pedometer = Soth.-PB pre-1980.	the compass is marked "alias Scriba"; the pedometer is signed "Jac. Ram. D. Scriba"; Ramminger invented this type of pedometer.	Stuttgart.	Zinner 1; Price 3; Ward 4; RSW.
RAMOS, P.	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X.	see P. Ramas.	281 Holborn, London.	Goodison 1; RSW.
RAMPAART, VAN			see Petrus ab Aggere.		Zinner 1; Michel 3.
RAMPOLDI AND CO.	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometers = X, Soth. 4/28/88.		Huntingdon.	Goodison 1; RSW.
RAMPOLDI, J.	England, fl.1851-53, PHIM		barometer maker.	22 Grey Street, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.	Goodison 1.
RAMSBECK	Austria, c.1772, MIM OIM		see Schreibelmayer und Ramsbeck.	Vienna.	Daumas 1.
RAMSDEN, JESSE	England, 1735-1800, MIM NIM OIM PHIM SIM	one of the most famous mechanics of his time; developed one of the first dividing engines ever built; made many of the most important astronomical and surveying instruments used in England and on the continent; by 1789 he had made over 1000 sextants; his instruments are to be found in many of the principal museums.	apprenticed to J. Burton, MIM, in 1758; started business in 1762; married Sarah Dollond; invented the opthalmometer; made improvements in electrostatic machines & precision balances; some of the optics for his instruments were made by his brothers-in-law Peter and John Dollond 2; made F.R.S. in 1768.	199 Piccadilly, opposite Sackville Street, London.	Taylor 2(526); DNB; DSB; Maddison 1; Bryden 11; E. Hall; RSW; Goodison 1; USNM; J.A. Bennett 2; A.J. Turner 10; Coffeen 27.
RAMSEY, HENRY T.	England, NIM	Octant, case = HAM.		Lowgate, Hull.	RSW.
RAND, J.	England, c.1799, OIM		patented a micrometrical stadimeter as a 'military and naval telescope'; author.	London.	Moskowitz 104; Taylor 2(1029); Dewhirst.
RANDALL, JOHN	England, fl.1689-1707, MIM		apprenticed to William Howe in the Grocer' Company on Sept. 1671; free of the Company on Dec. 2, 1689; took apprentices.	Great Minories, London (1693).	J. Brown 1.
RANDALL, RICHARD	England, c.1799,		apprenticed to George Mills in the Joiners' Company, Feb. 5, 1799.		Crawforth 7.
RANDALL, WILLIAM	England, c.1700,		apprenticed to his father, John Randall, in the Grocers' Company on Sept. 10, 1700.		J. Brown 1.
RANDOLL			see Randall.		J. Brown 1.
RANDOLPH, T.F.	USA, c.1860, MIM SIM	Surveying Compass, case = Chillicothe Museum, Ohio.		67 West 6th Street, Cincinnati, Ohio.	USNM.
RANDOLPH, T.F., AND BRO.	USA, c.1867, MIM PHIM SIM	Surveying Compass = Transylvania College.		67 West 6th Street, Cincinnati, Ohio.	USNM.
RANNOY, P. GELASIUS VISCHER	Germany, 1712, MIM	Sundial, stone, 1712 = DEU.			Price 2.
RANSLEY, W.	England, MIM NIM	Set of nine Rules, ivory = Phillips 4/20/83; Parallel Rules, wood = NMM.		4 Westminster Bridge Road; Stansgate; both in London.	NMM 2; Wynter and Turner; RSW.
RAPKIN	England,		see Pastorelli and Rapkin.		RSW.
RAPOSA			see A. Goys; see Joa~o de Goes.		Stimson 3; Guedes.
RASPAIL	France, c.1770, OIM		made micrscopes.		Dewhirst; Clay and Court.
RASPON, RAPHAEL	Italy, c.1600, MIM	Compass, large, shadow square = POB.			MADEX.
RASTRELLI, AUGUSTINO	Italy, 1719, MIM	Reduction Compass, 1719 = FLO-1257.		Florence.	Michel 3.
RATCLIFF, BENJAMIN	England, fl.1743-59, MIM	Sundial, 1743 = St. Mary's Church, Welshpool.	father of Owen Ratcliff; clockmaker.	Welshpool.	Peate.
RATCLIFF, OWEN	England, fl.1776-80, MIM	Sundial = Castle Caereinion, Montgomeryshire.	son of Benjamin Ratcliff; clockmaker.	Welshpool.	Peate.
RATH, H.	Germany, c.1867, MIM	Mining Gradient Level, 1867 = Christie 12/18/74.		Munich.	RSW.
RATH, PETER	Germany, c.1840, MIM PHIM	Compass, in case = DEU; Thermometer = DEU; Barometer = DEU.		Munich.	Middleton 1; RSW.
RATHBONE, AARON	England, 1572-1618,		designed a reducing ruler; author.	Yorkshire.	Taylor 1(91).
RATTENBURY, WILLIAM GEORGE	England, c.1816, MIM PHIM	Wheel Barometer = D.(1976).	apprenticed to James Ripley in the Grocers' Company, Oct. 3, 1816.	Stratton.	j. Brown 2; RSW.
RATTKNECHT, CHRISTOPH	Austria, c.1739, MIM	Graphometer, 1739 = SAL.		Salzburg.	Zinner 1; Michel 3.
RATTKNECHT, JOHANN-CHRISTOPH	Austria, c.1670, MIM	Sundial = X.		Salzburg.	Michel 3.
RATUS, CARL AUG., BAADEN FR. LIBE	Germany, 1766, MIM	Equatorial Sundial, 1766 = Soth. 5/12/75.			RSW.
RAVILIUS, ALEX	Italy, 1542, MIM	Skaphe, ivory and brass, 1537 = OXFB; Armillary Sphere, 1542 = ADL-M2.	the armillary is also marked "Io. Thomae Manfredo", probably the owner.		Engelmann 1; Michel 3; Yonge; ADL; RSW.
RAVIZZA, AMICINO	Italy, 1799, MIM		corrected a sundial made by Cocart.	Cremona.	Evans 1.
RAWBENGEL, HANS	Germany, 1487, MIM		made sundials, 1487.	Nürnberg.	Gouk 1.
RAXTOR, JOHN	England, c.1818, MIM SIM			John Street, Birmingham.	Bryden 9.
RAY	England, MIM PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X.	possibly Daniel Ray, c.1790 or William Ray, c.1820, both came from Battle and were watchmakers.	Battle.	Goodison 1; Baillie 1.
RAY AND CO.	England, NIM	Sextant = Phillips 2/14/79.		Liverpool.	RSW.
RAY, J., AND CO.	England, NIM	Sextant with case = D.(1976).		Liverpool.	RSW.
RAY, J.W., AND CO.	England,	Sextants = Christie-SK 2/9/84, D.(1968).	may be same as J. Ray and Co., and possibly Ray and Co.	Liverpool.	RSW.
RAYNER, MICHAEL	England, c.1717, MIM		apprenticed to to John Patrick 1 in the Joiners' Company on Oct. 22, 1706; free in the Company Jan. 7, 1717.		Crawforth 7.
RAYNOLD	Germany, MIM	Alidade = Drouot 4/26/67.		Berlin.	RSW.
RAYSON, WILLIAM	England, 1683, MIM	Quadrant, 1683 = Soth. 7/7/55; Horary Quadrant, Sutton-type, 1683 = WHI.	may be only one instrument.	Leicester.	Bryden 16; RSW.
READ, J.	England, PHIM	Set of Money Balances = Soth. 11/13/64.		St. Ann's Lane, Nr. Aldersgate, London.	RSW.
READ, JOHN 1	England, fl.1582-1610, MIM		worked in wood; made Blagrave's staff in 1590 and Arthur Hopton's staff in 1610; made alidades, squares, compasses, etc; partner of John Thompson 1, and succeeded by him.	Hosier Lane, London.	Taylor 1(68); Daumas 1; Michel 3; Dewhirst; A.J. Turner 10.
READ, JOHN 2	England, fl.1650, MIM		presumably son or nephew of John Read 1; Taylor thought he was partner and successor of Anthony Thompson 1 of Hosier Lane, but Edward Fage could have been the successor.	Hosier Lane, Smithfield, London.	Taylor 1(243).
READ, JOHN 3	England, 1688, MIM	Sundial, bronze, 1688 = Soth. 12/13/71 = WHI.		Bishop Stortford.	Bryden 16; RSW.
READ, SAMUEL	England, fl.1742-80, PHIM		balance maker; chosen to make étalons of weights in 1742 for comparison by the Royal Society and the French Academy; partner of Charles De Grave and succeeded by him in 1780.	London.	Taylor 2(398); Daumas 1; G.L'E. Turner 24.
READE			variant spelling for Read.		A.J. Turner 10.
READE, GEORGE	England, c.1762,		apprenticed to Richard Rust of the Grocers' Company on June 1, 1762.		J. Brown 1.
READING, THOMAS	Ireland, fl.1752-68, MIM		surveyer; apprenticed to Gabriel Stokes.	Georges Lane, near Stephens Street, Dublin.	Bryden 9.
REALINI, C.	England, c.1825, PHIM	Wheel Barometers = Jared Coffin House, Nantucket, Mass., X (2), Soth.-PB pre-1980, Soth. 12/14/89 and 12/14/95.		Preston.	RSW.
REALINI, L.	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometers = X (2).		Newcastle.	Goodison 1.
REARDON, JOHN	England, c.1838, OIM			42 Gaston Street, Clerkenwell, London.	Taylor 2(2217).
REAUMUR, RENE ANTOINE FERCHAULT DE	France, 1683-1757,		Réné Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur; designed a thermometer scale, with 0° as freezing and 80° as boiling; physicist.	La Bermondiere.	USNM; G.L'E. Turner 24; Daumas 1.
REBALLIO EN ZOON	Holland, c.1800, PHIM	Hydrometer and Thermometer = USNM.		Rotterdam.	USNM.
REBALLIO, A.	Holland, c.1790, OIM PHIM	Instrument = LEY; Telescope = Christie-SK 4/14/89.		Rotterdam.	Daumas 1; RSW.
REBEIRO, IOZE GABRIEL	Spain, c.1790,		marked on an English octant; probably the owner.		Versailles 4/17/83.
RECH, WOLFF	Germany, c.1649, MIM		sandglass maker.	Nürnberg.	Lunardi.
RECHBERGER, WILHELM	Germany, c.1611,		wrote about the astrolabe.	Augsburg?	Zinner 1.
RECHTER, JAN 1	Holland, fl.1730-1801, MIM OIM PHIM SIM	Planetarium = LEY; Solar Microscope = KEN; Artillery Inclinometers = ADL-M143, Soth. 10/28/63, LEY.		Delft.	Zinner 1; Michel 3; Dewhirst; Engelmann 1; ADL; RSW.
RECHTER, JAN 2	Holland, 1777-1801, MIM		son of Jan Rechter 1.	Delft.	Rooseboom 1.
RECORDE, ROBERT	England, c.1556,		published drawings of portable and standing quadrants.		Gunther 2.
REDDING, ROSIER	England, c.1769,		apprenticed to Robert Taylor 2 of the Grocers' Company on July 4, 1769.		J. Brown 1.
REDMOND		Universal Ring Sundial = P.C. (1976).	English forgery, probably by Williams; marked "Dublin."		Brieux.
REED, JAMES	USA, 1792-1878, MIM SIM	Surveyor's Compasses = Alliance Historical Society, Ohio, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., Michigan Historical Society, Lansing.	the Alliance, Ohio instrument is marked "Washington, Pa.", the others "Pittsburgh Pa."; by 1850 the firm was "James Reed and Co."; the later instruments may be by "James Reed and Co."	Washington, Pa. (1792-1847); Pittsburgh, Pa. (1847-78).	Smart 1; RSW.
REED, JAMES, AND CO.	USA, fl.1847-78, MIM SIM	Surveyor's Compass = Michigan Historical Society, Lansing, Michigan.	see James Reed.	Pittsburgh, Pa.	Smart 1; Multhauf 1; RSW.
REED, THOMAS, AND CO.	England, NIM		T.C.	Sunderland.	Crawforth 1.
REEDER, R.	USA, c.1847,		took out a patent on a mariner's compass, 1847.	Cincinnati, Ohio.	UANM.
REENS, H.A.	Holland, 19th Century, OIM PHIM	Wheel Barometer = Christie, April 1978; Telescope = Auction, Dordrecht, June 1975.		Rotterdam.	Mörzer Bruyns 2.
REES, JOHN	England, c.1823,		apprenticed to James Hamer in the Joiners' Company, Oct. 8, 1823.		Crawforth 7.
REEVES AND SONS	England, 19th Century, MIM	Drawing Instrument Set = Christie-SK 7/24/86; Sector, ivory = Gersaint, La Rochelle 7/20/96.	see William Reeves and Co.	London.	RSW.
REEVES, JOHN	England, fl.1679-1710, OIM		member of the Turners' Company; son of Richard Reeves 1; the objective lens at KEN may be by John rather than Richard Reeves 1, which see; John is probably the Reeves, Jr. mentioned by Pepys.	London.	Taylor 1(412); Daumas 1; Evans 1; Court and von Rohr; Latham and Matthews; Robischon 1; Clay and Court.
REEVES, RICHARD 1	England, fl.1641-89, OIM	Telescope = KEN.	member of the Turners' Company; made microscopes and lenses for telescopes; worked for Hooke; made a spyglass, a microscope and a scotoscope for Samuel Pepys, 1661-64; made very long telescopes; perspective glass maker to the King; made James Gregory's prototype reflecting telescope.	against the Foot and Leg, Long Acre, London.	Taylor 1(199); Latham and Williams; Dewhirst; Henry King 1; L. Bell; Court and von Rohr 3(I); Robischon 1; Daumas 1; A.D.C. Simson.
REEVES, RICHARD 1 AND JOHN COX	England, c.1664, OIM		telescope makers.	London.	Henry King 1.
REEVES, RICHARD 2	England, c.1666, OIM		telescope maker; son of Richard Reeves 1? or is he the same man?	London.	A.J. Turner 10.
REEVES, W.	England, c.1840, PHIM	Syke's Hydrometer = P.C. (1989).	adjusted by H.R. Loftus in 1943; see William Reeves and Co.	London.	RSW.
REEVES, WILLIAM	USA, 1785, NIM	Hadley's Quadrant, 1785 = VNN.	"Reeves, Thomaston, Me." is written in the case.	Thomaston, Me.	RSW.
REEVES, WILLIAM, AND CO.	England, c.1850, MIM	Double Slide Rule = D.(1989).	see Reeves and Sons.	London.	Moskowitz 132.
REGHTER, DAVID	Holland, fl.1780-97, PHIM			Middelburg.	Rooseboom 1.
REGIOMONTANUS, JOHANNES	Germany, 1436-76, MIM		Johannes Müller; astronomer, author, published a calendar and ephemerides; designed various astronomical instruments; Zinner attributed a ring sundial, ADL-M307, to Regiomontanus; see Johannes.	Königsberg.	Zinner 1; Maddison 1 & 2; Michel 3; J.A. Bennett 2; DSB; Engelmann 1; ADL; RSW.
REGNARD FRERES	France, MIM	Clepsydra = CNAM.	Regnard frères.	Sens.	Con. Nat'l 1; RSW.
REGNAULT, HENRI VICTOR	France, 1810-78,		devised a hygrometer similar to Daniell's.		G.L'E. Turner 24.
REGNIER	France, c.1800, MIM	Meridian Sundial = CNAM.	Régnier.	Senaur.	RSW.
REGNIER, EDWARD	France, c.1800, PHIM	Dynamometers = USNM, Soth. 10/17/60.		à Beau Grenelle, Banlieu de Paris.	USNM; RSW.
REHE, SAMUEL	England, fl.1770-92, MIM PHIM	Stick Barometer = Sir John Soane Museum, London.	the barometer is signed "S. Rehe London"; the scale has both French and English inches; worked for John Troughton 2 in 1778; made a copy of Ramsden's dividing engine.	Shoe Lane, London.	Taylor 2(757); Goodison 1; Bedini 8; Daumas 1; USNM.
REICHENBACH UND FRAUENHOFER	Germany, c.1810, MIM OIM	Telescope = DRE.		Munich.	RSW.
REICHENBACH UND UTZSCHNEIDER	Germany, fl.1804-15, MIM OIM	Meridian Transit = NOR; Meridian, 1815 = Capodimonte Obs., Naples.	Georg von Reichenbach and Joseph von Utzschneider.		Pipping 1; RSW.
REICHENBACH, GEORG VON	Germany, 1772-1826, MIM OIM	Altazimuth Instrument, 1814 = Naples Observatory; Dividing Engines, = DEU (1804), SWE (1832); Altazimuth Telescope = PRA; Sextant = DEU; Repeating Theodolite, 1810 = DEU.	worked with Joseph Liebherr, 1802-14; joined by Utzschneider in 1804; went with Ertel in 1814.	Mannheim.	Zinner 1; Daumas 1; Pipping 1; J.A. Bennett 2; RSW.
REICHENBACH, UTZSCHNEIDER UND LIEBHERR	Germany, c.1804, MIM OIM SIM		Georg von Reichenbach, Joseph von Utzschneider and Joseph Liebherr.	Munich.	J.A. Bennett 2.
REICHER, GEORG	Germany, c.1674, MIM		made sundials.	Nürnberg.	Gouk 1.
REICHERT, JOHANN	Germany, fl.1761-68, PHIM	Nest of Weights = Drouot Richelieu 4/28/88.			RSW.
REICHLE, MELCHIOR	Germany, fl.1568-69, MIM	Astronomical Compendium, 1568 = BM; Cruciform Sundial, 1569 = BM			Zinner 1; Price 3; Ward 4.
REICHMANN, JOSEPH: FRAN: ANT: DE	Germany, c. 1773,		the name is marked on an armillary sphere made by Eiler Christian Hogh, ADL-M9; surely the owner.		Engelmann 1; Yonge; Habacher; ADL; RSW.
REID	Scotland, c.1815, MIM		patented a trigonometer.	Aberdeen.	RSW.
REID, ADAM	England, PHIM	Stick Barometer = X.		Woolwich.	Goodison 1.
REID, ALEXANDER	Scotland, c.1850, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = Christie 12/8/76.	barometer signed "Alex\r Reid."	66 Nicholson Street, Edinburgh.	RSW.
REID, JOHN	England, c.1590, MIM		John Blagrave referred to him as an able maker.		Darius 3.
REIFF, GOTTFRIED	Germany, c.1750, MIM	Pillar Sundials, wood = MERC = WHI, Soth. 4/18/88.		Nürnberg.	Zinner 1; Hamilton 2; Bryden 16; RSW.
REIFFEL, C., AND N. THORN	USA, c.1848, MIM		patented a new form of dividers in 1848.	New York, N.Y.	USNM.
REIGER, P.J.	Germany, MIM	Sector = Evans Coll.		Augsburg.	Evans 1.
REIGNE	France, 18th Century, NIM	Octant, wood with silver trim = ROU-79.		Marseille.	Daumas 1; RSW.
REIMANN, I.	Germany, c.1850, MIM		showed at the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London.	Berlin, Prussia.	G.L'E. Turner 24.
REINE, R.	England, fl.1673-80, OIM		made optical glass.	Lime Street, between Leadenhall and Fenchurch Streets, London.	Taylor 1(367); Evans 1.
REINELT, PAUL	Germany, MIM	Pair of Globes = Stiftsbibliothek, Braunau in Böhmen.			Zinner 1.
REINERUS GEMMA			same as Gemma Frisius, which see.		Baillie 1.
REINHOLD, ERASMUS 1	Germany, 1511-55,		astronomer; author.	Wittenberg.	Michel 3.
REINHOLD, ERASMUS 2	Germany, c.1576, MIM		Tycho Brahe used a large wooden quadrant made by Erasmus Reinhold (2), in 1576.	Saalfeld and Wittenberg.	Michel 2 & 3.
REINHOLD, JOHANNES	Germany, fl.1588-92, MIM	Celestial Globe, with sundials on base, 1588 = CNAM; Terrestrial Globe, 1588 = NMM; Astrolabe, 1591 = HAY.	clockmaker; worked with Georg Roll; see Roll und Reinhold.	Augsburg.	Zinner 1; Aked; Cons. Nat'l 1; NMM 2; RSW.
REINMANN	Germany, MIM	Diptych Sundial, ivory = BASH.	punchmark is a moon.		Price 2.
REINMANN, BENEDIKTUS	Germany, fl.1564-75, MIM		Master in 1564; made ivory diptych sundials; sometimes spelled "Reymann."	Nürnberg.	Michel 3; Gouk 1.
REINMANN, GEORG 1	Germany, fl.1527-42, MIM	Diptych Sundial, wood, 1531 = X; Diptych Sundials, ivory = WHI (1536).	not in Bryden 16.	Nürnberg.	Zinner 1; Michel 3; Gunther 2; Evans 1; Lunardi; Gouk 1.
REINMANN, GEORG 2	Germany, fl.1551-71, MIM	Diptych Sundial, ivory, 1551 = Wien Mobiliendepot; Diptych Sundial, wood, 1555 = NUR.	Master in 1555; Gouk dated him "1555-71."	Nürnberg.	Gouk 1; RSW.
REINMANN, GEORG 3	Germany, fl.1575-85, MIM		made sundials.	Nürnberg.	Gouk 1.
REINMANN, HANS 1	Germany, 1547-71, MIM		Master in 1565; made sundials.	Nürnberg.	Michel 3; Gouk 1.
REINMANN, HANS 2	Germany, d.1627, MIM	father of Hans Reinmann 3; made sundials.		Nürnberg.	Gouk 1.
REINMANN, HANS 3	Germany, d.1628, MIM		son of Hans Reinmann 2; made sundials.	Nürnberg.	Gouk 1.
REINMANN, HIERONYMUS	Germany, fl.1554-69, MIM	Diptych Sundials, ivory = MUN (1554), OXF (1558), NMM (1562), Beauvais Museum (1563), Koller 11/17/75 (1563), (1573), (1561 partial), Sammlung W. Lüdge, Einbeck (1565), NMM (1566), ADL-DPW28 (1569), Huelsmann Coll. (1558).	became Master of the Compassmakers' Guild in 1556.	Nürnberg.	Zinner 1; Michel 3; Gunther 2; NMM 2; Gouk 1; Syndram; ADL; RSW.
REINMANN, JORG			see Georg Reinmann.		Zinner 1.
REINMANN, PAULUS	Germany, 1557-1609, MIM	made many ivory diptych sundials from 1575 to 1609; examples may be seen at ADL, NYM, NMM, UANM, OXF, DEU, KES, HAM, NOR, WHI, HAK, etc.; Horizontal Sundial, 1591 = Drouot 4/7/87; Artillery Levels = DRE (lost), Soth. 3/10/87 (1600).	Reinmann's master mark was a crown; M. Lesel used a crown as his master mark from 1609 to 1629.	Nürnberg.	Zinner 1; Morpurgo 2; Lunardi; Brieux 1; Chandler and Vincent; USNM; Hamilton 2; Spitzer Cat.; Bryden 16; Gouk 1; ADL; RSW.
REINTHALER, CHRIST. FRIED. ERNST	Germany, 1783, OIM	Solar Microscope, 1783 = DRE.		Leipzig.	Dewhirst; Clay and Court; RSW.
REIS, JOSE MARIA DOS	Brazil, fl.1837-73, MIM		made the azimuth instrument invented by Emmanuel Liais; won medals at Exhibitions between 1861 and 1871 including first prize in the Great Exhibition of 1862 in London.	Rua do Hospico, 67,69 & 71, Rio de Janeiro.	RSW.
REISCH, LEONHARD	Germany, c.1701, MIM	Celestial Globe, 1701 = Wien Schottenstift.	clockmaker; author; the globe is signed "Leonhardus Reisch Algojus."	Oberdorf.	Zinner 1.
REISSIG	Germany, c.1803, MIM OIM		instrument maker to the court at Kassel.	Kassel.	Ashbrook.
REITA, ANTHONY MARIA VON SCHYRLE DE	Germany, 1597-1660,		invented a new telescope eyepiece; author.		Dewhirst; Clay and Court.
REITER, M.			see Prof. Bohme and M. Reiter.		RSW.
REITZEL, C.A.	England?, c.1850, MIM	Celestial Globe = Soth. 4/18/88.	ten-inch N. Anderson globe constructed by Reitzel.		RSW.
RELTING, A.	c.1760, MIM	Diptych Sundial, wood = Evans Coll.			Evans 1.
RENARD 1			see Renaud.		Pipping 1.
RENARD 2	France, c.1750, MIM SIM	Graphometer = Koller, May, 1972.		Paris.	RSW.
RENARD, N.	France, 18th Century, MIM	Universal Ring Sundial, silver = MERC; Universal Ring Sundial, gilt-brass = P-B 1/22/54.		Montauban.	Michel 3; Hamilton 1; RSW.
RENAUD	France; Germany, 1790, PHIM	Thermometer, 1790 = GEM.		Strasbourg; Berlin.	Pipping 1; A.J. Turner 10.
RENAUD, J.	France, c.1700, MIM	Surveying Instrument = PMM.	Daumas thought it was a mariner's astrolabe, but it had been incorrectly restored.	Marseilles.	Daumas 1; A. Stimson 3; RSW.
RENCH, E.	England, c.1840, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = D.(1976).		Grey Inn Terrace, London.	RSW.
RENNISON	England, 19th Century, NIM	Quadrant = SUN.		Station Road, Barry Docks, Sunderland.	RSW.
RENNISON AND SON	England, 19th Century, NIM	Octant = D.(1973).		North Shields.	RSW.
RENNOLDSON	England, c.1800, MIM	Drawing Instrument Set, incomplete = Sotheby's 5/11/94.	either J.A. or Isaac Rennoldson; T.C.		RSW.
RENNOLDSON, ISAAC	England, fl.1822-46, MIM OIM		succeeded J. Rennoldson, who could have been his father or uncle, in 1822.	5 Cambridge Place, Hackney Road, London.	Taylor 2(1682).
RENNOLDSON, J.	England, fl.1817-22, MIM	Sector, ivory = Cooke's Shop, CMY; Universal Ring Sundial = Soth. 3/9/64.	succeeded by Isaac Rennoldson, which see.	23 Camden Row, Bethnal Green Road, London.	Taylor 2(1413); RSW.
RENSBERG, NICOLAUS	Germany, 1568, MIM	Astronomical Compendium, 1568 = WUP.	the base of the compendium was curved to fit a cannon; a compass was in a Bavarian collection in 1599; mathematician; clockmaker; alternative spelling was "Rensberger."	Coburg.	Zinner 1; Evans 1; Basserman-Jordan 1; RSW.
RENWICK, JAMES	England, fl.1844-47, PHIM		barometer and thermometer maker.	2 Booths Place, Turnmill Street, London.	Goodison 1.
REOHAN, THOMAS			misreading for Keohan.		Taylor 2(2218).
REPETTO, M.E., Y CA.	Argentina, c.1850, PHIM	Stick Barometer = Soth. Pulborough 3/1/83.	dealers for Negretti and Zambra; barometer marked "Introductones."	Buenos Aires.	RSW.
REPSOLD, A., UND SOHNE	Germany, 1867, MIM OIM		Adolf Repsold and two of his sons.	Hamburg.	J.A. Bennett 2.
REPSOLD, ADOLF	Germany, 1806-71, MIM OIM		worked with his brother, Georg; they succeeded their father, Johann Georg Repsold in 1830; the name was changed to A. & G. Repsold; the firm became A. Repsold und Söhne in 1867.	Hamburg.	J.A. Bennett 2.
REPSOLD, ADOLF UND GEORG	Germany, fl.1830-67, MIM OIM	Heliometer, 1849 = KEN; Telescopes, 1853 = Madrid Observatory.	succeeded their father, Johann Georg Repsold in 1830; makers of very fine, large instruments.	Hamburg.	Pipping 1; J.A. Bennett 2; RSW.
REPSOLD, GEORG	Germany, 1804-85, MIM OIM		worked with his brother, Adolf; they succeeded their father, Johann Georg Repsold, in 1830; the firm was then known as A. & G. Repsold; Georg retired in 1867.	Hamburg.	J.A. Bennett 2.
REPSOLD, JOHANN GEORG	Germany, 1771-1830, MIM OIM		established his firm in 1802; made precision astronomical instruments; succeeded by his sons, Adolf and Georg Repsold in 1830.	Hamburg.	Daumas 1; Pipping 1; Pannekoek; J.A. Bennett 2.
RESCOW, JOHN	England, c.1710, MIM			Liverpool.	Taylor 2(108); Bryden 9.
RESEL, FRANZ	Austria, 1759, MIM	Table Sundial, 1759 = Linz Museum Depot Hohenfurth; Graphometer = D.(1931); Compass Sundial = MERC-100 = Soth. 12/12/55; Pocket Sundial = BM.	compass sundial signed "Fr. Resel Fecit Vienne."	Vienna.	Zinner 1; Hamilton 1; Price 3; Ward 4; RSW.
RESI, HANS			name marked on mining compass signed "H.G." (6) at GRA.		Zinner 1; Michel 3.
RESLER, ANTON VON	Germany, 18th Century, MIM	Augsburg-type Sundials = MERC, OXF (2), NOR, Soth. 12/16/63, Munich Auction, 1965.	the dial at NOR is signed "Antony Resler."	Augsburg.	Zinner 1; Hamilton 1; Evans 1; Bobinger 2; RSW.
RESTELL	England, 19th Century, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = Phillips 1/30/84.		Croyden.	RSW.
RETTING, E.	Germany, MIM	Diptych Sundial, wood = OXF.			Zinner 1.
REVERE, PAUL	USA, 1735-1818, MIM	Gunner's Calipers = Bostonian Society, Mass., Paul Revere Memorial Association, Boston, Mass.; Compass Card, 1786 = Yale U. Art Gallery; Balance, weights and case = Paul Revere Memorial Association.	silversmith; Revere did the engraving for the paper compass roses for Benjamin Warren's surveying compasses.	Boston, Mass.	Bedini 8; Price 2; The World of Franklin and Jefferson Exhibition Cat.; Revere Cat.
REW, ROBERT	England, fl.1755-65, OIM		described as one of the workmen of John Dollond 1.	London.	Taylor 2(528); Daumas 1.
REYBORNE, J., AND SONS	England, MIM	Rule, folding, ivory = Christie-Geneva 11/20/79.			RSW.
REYMANN			see Reinman.		Michel 3.
REYNERUS, GEMMA			see Gemma Frisius.		A.J. Turner 10.
REYNOLDS	England, c.1850, MIM SIM	Level and Inclinometer = D.(1994).	probably J.A. Reynolds of J.A. Reynolds and Co.	Birmingham.	Garcelon 33.
REYNOLDS AND CO. 1	England, c.1840, NIM	Pelorus = Marine Museum, Horten, Norway; Nautical Instrument = AMST.		Tower Hill, London.	Mörzer Bruyns 1; RSW.
REYNOLDS AND CO. 2	England, MIM	Surveyor's Level = Soth.-West Sussex 10/18/83.	see J.A. Reynolds and Co.	Birmingham.	RSW.
REYNOLDS AND WIGGINS	England, c.1840, NIM PHIM	Sympiesometer = Soth. 12/17/87.	William Reynolds and Frederick Wiggins.	82 Minories, London.	Taylor 2(2273); RSW.
REYNOLDS, G.	USA, c.1950, MIM	Astrolabe, c.1950 = Pugsley Sale.	chief engineer of Winchester Arms Co.; he made many reproductions of instruments for Mr. Edwin Pugsley, the C.E.O. of Winchester Arms Co.	New Haven, Conn.	Pugsley Sale; RSW.
REYNOLDS, J.	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X.		St. Austell.	Goodison 1.
REYNOLDS, J.A., AND CO.	England, MIM	Rolling Rule = Christie-SK 7/24/86; Surveying Level = Christie-SK 2/8/79.	see Reynolds and Co. 2.	Birmingham.	RSW.
REYNOLDS, JOHN	England, fl.1582-1636, MIM SIM		made wooden plane tables, etc; probably a master gunner.	Barking Churchyard (All Hallows Church), Tower Street; near Tower Hill; The Tower; all in London.	Taylor 1(69); Michel 3; Gunther 4.
REYNOLDS, JOSEPH	England, c.1691, MIM		apprenticed to Richard Whitehead of the Clockmakers' Company on Sept. 20, 1683; free of the Company, April 6, 1691.		J. Brown 3.
REYNOLDS, THOMAS	England, c.1719, MIM		apprenticed to James Swetman 1 in the Grocers' Company on Mar. 5, 1712; free of the Company, June 23, 1719.		J. Brown 1.
REYNOLDS, WILLIAM	England, fl.1827-80, MIM		merged with John Lilley and Son(s) in 1880, as Lilley and Reynolds Ltd.	London.	Brewington 1.
REYNOLDSON	England, c.1800, MIM OIM	Mathematical Instrument Set = X.; Pantograph = Christie 4/3/85.		St. John's Lane, West Smithfield, London.	Taylor 2(1203); Clay and Court; Dewhirst; Daumas 1; RSW.
REYNOLDSON, THOS.	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X.		7 Queen Street, Hull.	Goodison 1.
RHODES, MANOAH	England, c.1841,	Barometer = X.	the barometer is signed "M. Rhodes Bradford"; he was listed as a jeweler; probably a dealer in barometers.	138 Westgate, Bradford.	Goodison 1; Baillie 1.
RIBALDI, A.	Ireland, PHIM	Barometer = D.(1955).		Limerick.	RSW.
RIBALDI, J.	Ireland, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X; Stick Barometer = X.		Limerick.	Goodison 1.
RIBOLDI, JOSEPH	Ireland, 1824, PHIM		carver and gilder; may be the same as J. Ribaldi, which see.	122 George's Street, Limerick.	Morrison-Low and Burnett.
RIBOLDI, L.	Ireland, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = Phillips 5/8/85.		Limerick.	Morrison-Low and Burnett.
RIBON	France, PHIM	Balance, small = Chateau de Barbie, Albi.	"Balancier."	à l'Rue Couronné Cour St. Martin N. 8, Paris?	RSW.
RIBOUT	France, MIM	Architect's Scales = WHI.			RSW.
RIBRIGHT AND SON	England, fl.1778-82, OIM		George Ribright and his son, Thomas Ribright 2.	London.	Taylor 2(529)(758); Goodison 1; RSW.
RIBRIGHT, GEORGE	England, 1730-90, MIM OIM	Sets of Drawing Instruments = Christie-SK 4/17/86, DeLuca 8/1/87 (silver).	son of Thomas Ribright 1; apprenticed in 1744; admitted as a foreign Brother to the Spectaclemakers' Company on Oct. 3, 1751; took apprentices; took his son Thomas Ribright 2 as partner to become Ribright and Son, in 1788.	40 the Poultry, London (1764 1790).	Taylor 2(529); Clay and Court; Court and von Rohr 3(150); RSW.
RIBRIGHT, THOMAS 1	England, 1712-72, MIM OIM	Case of Instruments with Persective Glass = KBV; Microscope, Culpeper-type = Soth. 3/25/86.	apprenticed to Thomas Sterrop 2 in the Spectaclemakers' Company in 1726; free in the Company, 1734; Master in the Company, 1758-60; took apprentices; "Optician to his Royal Highness, George, Prince of Wales"; T.C.; patented an etui with a telescope in the middle.	at the Golden Spectacles, the Poultry, London.	Taylor 2(299); Clay and Court; Court and von Rohr 3; Calvert 2; Crawforth 1 & 7; Evans 1; Delehar 6.
RIBRIGHT, THOMAS 2	England, fl.1768-1810, OIM PHIM	Wheel Barometer = P.C.	the barometer is signed "T. Ribright"; apprenticed to his father, George Ribright of the Spectaclemakers' Company in 1768; free of the Company in 1775; partner with his father as Ribright and Son, 1778-82; on his own, 1783-95.	40 Poultry, London.	Taylor 2(758); Goodison 1; Court and von Rohr 3.
RICCIOLI	Ireland, c.1661, MIM	Rule = BRP.			Price 2.
RICE, THOMAS	England, fl.1640-60, MIM		gunner at the Tower; made many sundials.	The Tower, London.	Taylor 1(1960; Evans 1; Gatty.
RICH, JAMES	England, 1771, NIM	Backstaff, wood, 1771 = D.(1973).			Wynter and Turner.
RICH, MOSES	England, NIM	Octant = Woodman Institute, New Hampshire.		London.	USNM.
RICHARD OF WALLINGFORD	England, born c.1292-1335, MIM		Abbott of St. Albans; member of the "Merton School"; instrument maker and astronomer; among his inventions are the rectangulus and the albion (1326); made an astronomical clock, c. 1320.	Oxford; Wallingford.	Gunther 2; North 4; Michel 3 & 5; Needham 1.
RICHARD, C.A.	USA, fl.1845-60, PHIM		barometer maker.	High Street, next door south of Mrs. Robinson's City House, Columbus, Ohio.	E.D. Beckman.
RICHARDS, DAVID	England, c.1834, OIM		also made chronometers.	27 Church Street, Birmingham.	Taylor 2(1978).
RICHARDS, ESTHER	England, fl.1801-08, MIM		rule maker.	94 Lichfield Street (1801); 95 Lichfield Street (1808); both in Birmingham.	Bryden 9.
RICHARDS, JOHN 1	England, c.1802,		apprenticed to Charles Fairbone 1 of the Grocers' Company on Oct. 2, 1800; turned over to Charles Fairbone 2 of the Grocers' Company on Feb. 8, 1802; may be the same as John Richards 2.		J. Brown 1; RSW.
RICHARDS, JOHN 2	England, c.1818, MIM		rule maker; may be the same as John Richards 1.	Lichfield Street, Birmingham.	Bryden 9; RSW.
RICHARDS, WILLIAM	England, fl.1787-97, MIM		rule maker; worked in boxwood and ivory.	14 Lichfield Street (1787); Lichfield Street (1797); both in Birmingham.	Bryden 9.
RICHARDSON, GEORGE	England, fl.1807-30, MIM NIM OIM	Octant = AMST; Telescope = Christie-SK 7/10/80; Sextant = Cohasset Historical Society, Mass.	apprenticed in 1784; T.C., "late foreman to Mr. Chas. Lincoln", "Real Manufacturer."	18 Leadenhall Street (1807); 7 St. Catherines Street, near the Tower (1808-17); 12 Upper East Smithfield (1821); 38 Windham Street, New Road, Marylebone (1826); all in London.	Taylor 2(1205); Mörzer Bruyns 1; Crawforth 1; USNM; RSW.
RICHARDSON, JOHN 1	England, fl.1797-1819, OIM		held a patent on a machine to polish glasses in 1797; became Richardson and Sons by 1819.	26 Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields (1808); 1 Drury Lane (1810); 22 Little Queen Street, Holborne (1814); all in London.	Taylor 2(1031).
RICHARDSON, JOHN 2	England, fl.1801-27, OIM		apprenticed to his father Winstanley Richardson in the Spectaclemakers' Company in 1794; free in the Company, Jan. 15, 1801.	16 Somerset Street, Aldgate, London (1801-27).	Taylor 2(1206); Court and von Rohr 3(230).
RICHARDSON, JOSEPH	USA, PHIM	Gold balances (3) in case = Soth. 1/22/25.		Philadelphia, Pa.	RSW.
RICHARDSON, MATTHEW	England, fl.1737-52, OIM		probably father of Winstanley Richardson; apprenticed to Edward Scarlett 1 of the Spectaclemakers' Company on June 10, 1730, free of the Company Dec. 27, 1737; T.C.; "Optician to his Majesty."	at Sir Isaac Newton's Head and Golden Spectacles against York Buildings, in ye Strand, London.	Taylor 2(400); Court and von Rohr 3(131); Calvert 2; Clay and Court; Crawforth 1.
RICHARDSON, WILLIAM	Ireland, fl.1784-86, OIM		optician.	4 East Cole Alley, Dublin.	Bryden 9; Morrison-Low and Burnett.
RICHARDSON, WINSTANLEY	England, fl.1771-1807, OIM		probably the son of Matthew Richardson; apprenticed to Thomas Lincoln of the Spectaclemakers' Company on Oct. 4, 1753; free of the Company, Sept. 30, 1773; took his son, John Richardson 2 as an apprentice.	Irongate, London (1807).	Court and von Rohr 3(165).
RICHBOURG	France, MIM	Universal Sundial = Soth. 5/29/61.		Paris.	RSW.
RICHER	France,		son of Jean-François Richer.		Daumas 1.
RICHER, JEAN-FRANCOIS	France, 1743-1820, MIM NIM SIM	Tellurium = BMR; Graphometers = P.C. (1987) (1807) (2), A-P 3/15/76 (1807), D.(1985), Versailles 11/20/83, Soth. 4/29/77; Magnetic Compass, 1807 = Picard, Drouot Richelieu, 12/11/91; Transit Circles = P.C., Ineichen 10/20/75; Sextant = Historical Society of Delaware; Y-Level = Franklin Institute Philadelphia, Pa.; Marine Compass = VNN; Terrestrial Globe = P.C.; Slide Rules = P.C.(1987), D.(1993).	Jean-François Richer; all his instruments are signed simply "Richer à Paris"; scale on Mossy barometer of 1789 is marked "Divisé par Richer"; the tellurium was marked "invented by Abbé Grenet."	L' Hermite, Paris.	Daumas 1; USNM; Moskowitz 103; Coffeen 10 and 43; Darius 4; RSW.
RICHER, MAISON	France, OIM	Telescopic Level = Versailles 4/17/83.	the level is signed "Maison Richer L'Hermite Le Jars successeurs à Paris."	L'Hermite, Paris.	RSW.
RICHLOT	Germany, MIM	Mining Set = HAK.			RSW.
RICHTER, JOHANNES			see Praetorius.		Michel 3.
RICHTOR, E.O., AND CO.	England, MIM	Draftsman's Kit = Weschler 5/22/76.			RSW.
RICKARDS, JOSEPH	England,		apprenticed to William Elliot 1 in the Joiners' Company on April 30, 1816.		Crawforth 7.
RICKETT, W.	England, c.1786, OIM	Horary Quadrant = KEN.			Taylor 2(885); Daumas 1.
RIDEL	France, NIM	Marine Compass = Historical Society of Old Newbury, Mass.		Nantes.	USNM.
RIDER, JOB	Ireland, fl.1805-09,		partner of Henry Gardner, 1805-09; watch and clock maker.	Belfast.	Morrison-Low and Burnett.
RIDER, WILLIAM	England, fl.1832-34, MIM NIM OIM PHIM		advertised sextants.	22 Ashton Street, Poplar, Borough, London.	Taylor 2(1684); O'Mara.
RIDLEY, MARK	England, 1560-1624, MIM		author; sundial maker.	Cambridge.	Taylor 1(56).
RIEBENHAUSEN	Germany, 17th Century, MIM SIM	Circumferentor = Munich Geodätisches Institut.			Zinner 1.
RIEDIG, M.C.G.	Germany, 1820-22, MIM	Celestial Globe, 1822 = DRE; Terrestrial Globe, 1820 = DRE.		Leipzig.	RSW.
RIEDIGER, ADAM	Switzerland, c.1735, MIM	Table Sundial, 1735 = STU; Celestial Globe = Bern Stadtbibliothek.		Berne.	Zinner 1.
RIEFLER, CLEMENT	Germany, fl.1841-93, MIM	Ellipsograph = Christie 12/8/76.	made precision clocks and drawing insruments.	Nesselwang; Munich, Bavaria.	G.L'E. Turner 24; RSW.
RIEGE, GEORG	Germany, c.1699, MIM	Diptych Sundials, ivory, = Drecker = ADL-DPW23 (1699), D.(1972).	the master mark is a three-leaf clover.	Nürnberg.	Zinner 1; Price 2; Gouk 1; ADL; RSW.
RIENKS, SYDS JOHANNES Z.	Holland, 1770-1845, OIM	Telescopes = AMST (1824), LEY (1825), BRO (1825), Eisinga's House, Franekar (1830); Microscopes = TEY (1825), KEN (1826), etc.	worked with Argen Roelofs; worked alone by 1826.	Ferwerderadeel; Leiden.	Mörzer Bruyns 1 and 2; G.L'E. Turner 24; Daumas 1; Insley 1; Dewhirst 1; Clay and Court; Rooseboom 1; RSW.
RIEPENHAUSEN, J.C.	MIM	Analemmatic Sundial = MLL.			RSW.
RIESEN, A.B.			marked on a surveying instrument signed "C.T.F. Anno 1589 M.S." at DRE; it is "M.S." (5).		RSW.
RIESS, PROF.	Germany, 1840, MIM	Chronoscope, 1840 = WUP.		Stuttgart.	RSW.
RIGAUD, DE SAINT	France, c.1610,		designed the capuchin sundial.		Cousins.
RIGG, CUTHBERT	1708,	Instrument, 1708 = University of Miss.	owner?		Price 2.
RIGGS AND BROTHER	USA, c.1845, NIM	Marine Compasses = MYS, D.(1970); Sextants = MYS, D.(1970).	company founded in 1818 by William H.C. Riggs; the firm was also a retailer of navigating instruments; the Philadelphia Maritime Museum has a sextant made by Heather but bearing their name.	310 Market Street, Philadelphia Pa.	USNM; Moskowitz 101; RSW.
RIGGS AND BROTHERS	USA, c.1840, NIM	Pelorus, 1840 = Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago, Il.; Sextant = D.(1972).	see William H.C. Riggs.	Philadelphia, Pa.	USNM; Moskowitz 104; RSW.
RIGGS AND CO.	USA, c.1825, NIM	Marine Compass = D.(1972).		Philadelphia, Pa.	Moskowitz 103.
RIGGS, WILLIAM H.C.	USA, fl.1818-36, NIM	Box Compass, 1836 = Atwater Kent Museum, Philadelphia, Pa.	maker and retailer of nautical instruments; established an observatory in 1820.	Philadelphia, Pa.	USNM; Moskowitz 104; RSW.
RIJSMA, A.	Holland, MIM	Orrery = Phillips 5/20/75.		Steijnmoller.	RSW.
RIKER, J.L. AND D.J.	USA, c.1847, MIM PHIM		made an orrery and other astronomical instruments; prize winning magnetic apparatus shown at the American Institute Fair, Oct. 1847.	78 Suffolk Street, New York, N.Y.	USNM.
RILEY AND STEVENS	USA, PHIM	Stick Barometer = VNN.		New Orleans, La.	RSW.
RIMMINGTON 1	England, c.1850, PHIM	Wheel Barometer with Thermometer = Soth. 5/1/86.		Lubenham.	RSW.
RIMMINGTON 2	England, c.1850, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = Christie-SK 5/15/96.		Bradford.	RSW.
RIMONDI, CHARLES	England, fl.1841-66, PHIM	Wheel Barometers = X (3).	watch and clockmaker; jeweler; made? and sold barometers; the wheel barometers are signed "C. Rimondi."	1 Union Street (1837); 8 Waterhouse Street (1850-66); both in Halifax.	Goodison 1; Loomes.
RINALDINI	Italy, 17th Century, MIM	Quadrant = Geographical Institute, Florence.			RSW.
RING	Germany, c.1800, MIM OIM	Universal Equatorial Sundial = WHI.	microscope maker.	Berlin.	Bryden 16; Clay and Court; Dewhirst.
RINGELBERGH, JOACHIM STERCK VAN	Germany, fl.1499-1536, MIM		he was reported to have made a ring sundial.	Ringelberg.	Zinner 1.
RINSEN, ANTHONY	Hollandfl.1748-65, MIM PHIM		Daumas listed him as English.	Leiden.	Daumas 1; Rooseboom 1.
RINSEN, J. VAN	Holland, c.1750, PHIM		made air pumps.	Leiden.	Rooseboom 1.
RIPARMENTI	France, c.1820, PHIM	Marine Barometer = D.(1983).		Bordeaux.	Wynter; RSW.
RIPLEY AND SON	England, fl.1800-07, MIM NIM	Quintant = X.; Octants = X, VNN, Christie 4/3/85, Christie-SK 2/8/79, Fall River Historical Society, Mass.; Hadley Quadrant = P.C.	Thomas Ripley 1 and his son James Ripley; the octant offered by Christie-SK was misread as "Ripley and Sons."	364 Hermitage Bridge Road, Wapping (1797); 335 High Street, Wapping (1805); both in London.	Taylor 2(760 & 1208); J. Brown 1; Clay and Court; RSW.
RIPLEY, JAMES	England, fl.1796-1828, MIM NIM		apprenticed to his father, Thomas Ripley 1, in the Grocers' Company, June 6, 1782; free in the Company April 7, 1796; partner with his father 1800-07; worked alone 1807-22; took apprentices after 1800.	15 Warkworth Terrace, Commercial Road, Limehouse; 364 Hermitage Bridge Road, Wapping (1800-05); 352 High Street, Wapping (1805-22); 335 Hermitage Bridge Road, Wapping (1828); all in London.	Taylor 2(760 & 1208); J. Brown 1 & 2.
RIPLEY, THOMAS (1), AND CO.	England, c.1790, MIM NIM		may be Thomas (1) and his son, James Ripley.	364, near Hemitige Bridge, below the Tower, London.	Clay and Court.
RIPLEY, THOMAS 1	England, fl.1763-1807, MIM NIM OIM	Hadley Quadrants = PEA (1773), OMM (1775 & 1779), STK (1782), FRK (1770), Soth, 3/25/86; Octants = USNM, Pennsylvania Historical Society, Philadelphia, Pa.; Telescope, four-draw = Christie-SK 11/15/79.	apprenticed to John Gilbert 2 in the Grocers' Company on Dec. 5, 1755; free in the Company, April 12, 1763; took apprentices, including his son James Ripley; James was his partner from 1800 to 1807.	Baker's Building, New Broad Street (1763 & 1770); at the Globe Quadrant and Sectacles, near Hermitage Bridge below the Tower, Wapping (1765); 364 Hermitage Bridge, below the Tower (1773; all in london.	Taylor 2(760); J. Brown 1; Crawforth 1 & 7; Multhauf 1; USNM; D.J. Warner 10; RSW.
RIPLEY, THOMAS 2	England, c.1778,		apprenticed to Thomas Ripley 1, his father, in the Grocers' Company on Sept. 10, 1778.		J. Brown 1.
RIPLEY, THOMAS 3	England, pre-1813, MIM			Hakney.	RSW.
RIPLEY, THOMAS BRAND	England, c.1805,		apprenticed to James Ripley of the Grocers' Company in 1805; grandson of Thomas Ripley 1.		J. Brown 1.
RIQUET	France, MIM	Wall Sundial = Cie. du Canal du Midi, Toulouse.	see Maison Riguet.		Boursier.
RIQUET, MAISON	France, MIM	Wall Sundial = house at Echirolles (Haute Garonne).	see Riquet.		Boursier.
RISE, WILLIAM	England, c.1806,		apprenticed to John Symons of the Grocer's Company, July 3, 1806; turned over to John Lee, April 15, 1810.	London.	J. Brown 2.
RISSO, JOHN 1	Scotland, c.1783, PHIM		barometer and thermometer maker.	Saltmarket, Glasgow.	Bryden 3 & 10; Goodison 1.
RISSO, JOHN 2	England, c.1805, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = Lotherton Hall; Stick Barometer = Temple Newsham; both in Leeds.		Leeds.	Goodison 1; RSW.
RITCHIE, ANDREW ELIOT	USA, 1878-1935, MIM NIM PHIM SIM		succeeded his father, Andrew Montgomery Ritchie, as head of the firm "Edward S. Ritchie and Sons", 1916-35.	Brookline, Mass. (1878-1935).	Smart 1.
RITCHIE, ANDREW MONTGOMERY	USA, 1849-1916, MIM NIM PHIM SIM		joined his father, Edward S. Ritchie and his brothers, Thomas Pope and John Ritchie in Edward S. Ritchie and Sons, 1872-1916; his son Andrew Eliot Ritchie succeeded him.	New Bedford (1849); Boston (1850-86); Brookline (1886-1916); all in Mass.	Smart 1.
RITCHIE, E.S., AND SONS	USA, fl.1886-1953, MIM NIM PHIM SIM		Edward S. Ritchie and Sons changed its name to E.S. Ritchie and Sons in 1886.	Boston, Mass.	Smart 1.
RITCHIE, EDWARD S., AND SON	USA, fl.1866-67, MIM NIM PHIM		Edward Samuel Ritchie and his son, Thomas Pope Ritchie.	Boston, Mass.	Smart 1.
RITCHIE, EDWARD S., AND SONS	USA, fl.1867-1937, MIM NIM PHIM SIM	Electrical machine = Searsport Historical Society, Me.; Liquid Compass = D.(19720.	Edward S. Ritchie and his sons, Thomas Pope and John Ritchie, 1867-72; after 1872 the youngest son, Andrew Montgomery Ritchie joined the firm; in 1886 the firm became E.S. Ritchie and Sons; Andrew's son, Andrew Eliot Ritchie ran the firm from 1916-35; T.S. and J.D. Negus bought the company in 1937 and sold it to the Sherman Brothers in 1953, they moved to Pembroke, Mass. at that time.	Boston (1867-86); Brookline (1886-1953); Pembroke (1953); all in Mass.	Smart 1; Moskowitz 104; RSW.
RITCHIE, EDWARD SAMUEL	USA, 1814-95, MIM NIM PHIM SIM	Marine Liquid Compasses = LOS, D.(1972), Maine Historical Society, Augusta, USNM.	worked with Ashur C. Palmer as Palmer and Ritchie, hardware, 1839-42; in business for himself, 1842-50, as a ship's chandler; from 1850-54 he worked with Nathan B. Chamberlain as Chamberlain and Ritchie, PHIMs; worked alone, 1854-62; then took John Kehew as partner as E.S. Ritchie and Co. until 1864; by 1866 the firm was E.S. Ritchie and Son, which see; E.S. Ritchie developed a liquid compass, adopted by the U.S. Navy.	Boston (1839-42), (1850-86); New Bedford (1842-49), Brookline 1886-95; all in Mass.	Smart 1; J.A. Bennett 2; Bedini 8; USNM; Moskowitz 103; RSW.
RITCHIE, JOHN	USA, 1844-1902, MIM NIM PHIM SIM		middle son of Edward S. Ritchie; joined his father and brother, Thomas Pope Ritchie, as Edward S. Ritchie and Sons in 1867.	New Bedford (1844-49); Boston (1849-86); Brookline (1886-1902); all in Mass.	Smart 1.
RITCHIE, THOMAS POPE	USA, 1842-1914, MIM NIM PHIM SIM		worked with his father as Edward S. Ritchie and Son, 1866-67; his brother, John, joined them in 1867; in 1872 another brother, Andrew Montgomery Ritchie, entered the firm of E.S. Ritchie and Sons.	New Bedford (1842-50); Boston (1850-86); Brookline (1886-1914); all in Mass.	Smart 1.
RITCHINGHAM	England, c.1790, NIM OIM	Sextant = NMM-S.35.		London.	Taylor 2(1033); NMM 2; RSW.
RITTENHOUSE	USA, c.1780, MIM SIM	Surveyor's Compass = USNM	could be David or Benjamin Rittenhouse.	Philadelphia, Pa.	USNM.
RITTENHOUSE AND COMPY.	USA, MIM SIM	Surveyor's Compass = New Salem Park Museum, Il.	Smart thought this instrument was made by David Rittenhouse, c.1782, basing his opinion on the simplicity of the compass face; Forman felt it was made by Benjamin Rittenhouse and his son, David Rittenhouse 2.	Worcester Township, Pa.	Smart 1; B.R. Forman.
RITTENHOUSE AND EVANS	USA, fl.1798-1801, MIM SIM	Surveyor's Compasses = Pennsylvania Historical Society, Philadelphia, USNM.	Benjamin Rittenhouse and Benjamin Evans, his newphew and former apprentice.	Worcester Township, Pa.	Bedini 8; Smart 1; Coffeen A; USNM; B.R. Forman; RSW.
RITTENHOUSE AND POTTS	USA, fl.1796-98, MIM SIM	Surveyor's Compasses = D.(1982), D.(1996), APS, P.C., Winterthur Museum, Del.	Benjamin Rittenhouse and William Lukens Potts.	Worcester Township, Pa.	Multhhauf 1; Bedini 8; Smart 1; Coffeen A and 55; USNM; B.R. Forman; RSW.
RITTENHOUSE, BENJAMIN	USA, 1740-1825, MIM SIM	Surveyor's Compasses = Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Atwater Kent Museum and the Franklin Institute (1786) of Philadelphia Pa., Buffalo Historical Society, N.Y., USNM, P.C. (1790), ADL-A26 (1790), Valley Forge Historical Society Pa. (1790), GUR, Ohio State Museum, Columbus (1787), Henry Ford Museum, Dearborn Mich, D., Michigan Museum of Surveying, Lansing, etc.	brother of David Rittenhouse 1; clock and instrument maker; his dated works range from 1786 to 1792; bankrupt in 1801; see Rittenhouse and Evans.	Norriton, Pa.; Philadelphia, Pa. (1807-25)	Multhauf 1; Bedini 1 & 8; Smart 1; Coffeen 14, 21 and 26; USNM; B.R. Forman; Leiserowitz; ADL; RSW.
RITTENHOUSE, BENJAMIN AND J. THOMAS	USA, MIM SIM	Surveyor's Compass = D.(1978).			Antiques, June, 1978.
RITTENHOUSE, DAVID 1	USA, 1732-96, MIM OIM SIM	Orreries = University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, N.J.; Astronomical Clocks = USNM, APS; Zenith Telescope = USNM; Surveyor's Compasses = USNM, New York State Library, Albany, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania and the Germantown Historical Society both in Philadelphia, Pa., Historical Society of Montgomery County, Norristown, Pa., GUR; etc.	astronomer, clockmaker; F.R.S.; A.P.S.; built the first American observatory; brother of Benjamin Rittenhouse; the first two surveyor's compasses listed were made for George Washington.	Norriton Township, Pa. (1732-70); Philadelphia Pa. (1770-96).	Multhauf 1; Smart 1; Bedini 1 & 8; USNM; Rice; B.R. Forman; RSW.
RITTENHOUSE, DAVID 2	USA, c.1800, MIM SIM		probably the son of Benjamin Rittenhouse; see Rittenhouse and Compy.	Worcester Township, Pa.	B.R. Forman.
RITTER, FRANZ	Germany, fl.1609-40, MIM	Astrolabe, wood, 1613 (ICA-611) = Lüneburg Museum; Astrolabes = MAA (ICA-465), DEU (ICA-619).	author; wrote on the astrolabe; ICA-288 is a plate from Ritter's book on the astrolabe reproduced by Gunther in "Astrolabes of the World."	Nürnburg.	Zinner 1; Evans 1; Gunther 1; Price 1; ICA-2; RSW.
RITTLER, EUSTACH	Germany, 1826, MIM	Beam Compass, 1826 = AUG.			RSW.
RITTSON, J.	England, c.1820, PHIM	Stick Barometers = K. & C. 12/3//75, D.(1977).	the barometer offered by the dealer is of padouk wood and was signed "Rittson."		RSW.
RIVA	Scotland, PHIM	Wheel Barometers = X (2).	could be A. (1), C., J., or M. Riva, which see.	Glasgow.	Goodison 1.
RIVA AND BEARELLI	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = Christie 1/26/90.	may be F. Riva, which see.	Reading.	RSW.
RIVA, A. 1	Scotland, c.1823, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X.	see Riva; carver, gilder.	70 East High Street, Glasgow.	Goodison 1.
RIVA, A. 2	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X.		Marlborough.	Goodison 1.
RIVA, C.	Scotland, PHIM	Stick Barometer = X.		Glasgow.	Goodison 1.
RIVA, F.	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X.	see Riva and Bearelli.	Reading.	Goodison 1; RSW.
RIVA, FERDINANDO	England, fl.1830-34, OIM PHIM		barometer maker.	7 Watson Walk, Sheffield.	Goodison 1; Taylor 2(1979).
RIVA, G. AND CO.	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X.			Goodison 1.
RIVA, GIOVANNI	Italyc.1750, MIM SIM	Magnetic Compasses for plane tables = P.C., P.C. (1987); Compass box, 1750 = BM.		Venice.	Price 3; RSW.
RIVA, J.	Scotland, OIM	Refracting Telescope = FRK, P.C.			RSW.
RIVA, J. AND M.	Scotland, fl.1825-60, PHIM	Wheel Barometers = X, D.(1976).	J. and Michael Riva; probably dealers in barometers.	70 High Street (1825); 143 High Street (1826-50); 147 High Street (1850-57); 63 John Street (1857-60); all in Glasgow.	Goodison 1; RSW.
RIVA, MICHAEL	Scotland, c.1827, PHIM	Wheel Barometers = X, Soth. 2/28/80.	see J. and M. Riva; the barometers are signed "M. Riva Glasgow."	143 High Street, Glasgow.	Goodison 1; RSW.
RIVA, P.	Scotland, 19th Century, PHIM	Wheel Barometers = X, Phillips 12/12/89.		Edinburgh.	Goodison 1; RSW.
RIVA, P., AND CO.	Scotland, 19th Century, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X.		Edinburgh.	Goodison 1.
RIVA, S.	MIM	Compass = ROM			RSW.
RIVARD	France, c.1750,		author; wrote on sundials.		RSW.
RIVERS, JOHN	England, fl.1822-35, MIM		barometer maker.	Wind Street (1822); Goat Street (1830); High Street (1835); all in Swansea.	Goodison 1; Taylor 2(1980).
RIVIERO, DIEGO	Spain, c.1523, MIM		made astrolabes, etc.	Seville.	Michel 3.
RIVINGTON, JAMES	USA, c.1778,		advertised Peter Dollond's telescopes for sale, May, 1778.	New York, N.Y.	USNM.
RIVOLTA 1	Scotland, c.1844, PHIM		see Lilly and Rivolta 1; probably Stephen Lilly.		Bell 2.
RIVOLTA 2	England, c.1820, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = D.(1987).			RSW.
RIVOLTA AND CO.	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X.			Goodison 1.
RIVOLTA, A. 1	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometers = X (3).	might be A. (2), Alex or Anthony Rivolta as no town is given.		Goodison 1.
RIVOLTA, A. 2	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometers = X (3), Soth. 7/21/83; Wheel Barometer, Thermometer and Hydrometer = Soth.-C 5/16/85.	may be A. Rivolta 1.	Chester.	Goodison 1; RSW.
RIVOLTA, ALEX	England, fl.1817-19, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = Soth. 5/14/87.	signed "A. Rivolta 32 Brook Street."	11 Brook Street (1817-18); 32 Brook Street (1819); both in Holborn, London.	Goodison 1; RSW.
RIVOLTA, ANTHONY	England, fl.1822-61, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = Christie-SK 1/27/89.	also made thermometers and looking glasses; see A. Rivolta 1; the barometer is signed "A. Rivolta" 1 plus address.	32 Brook Street, Holborn (1822-45); 21 Lower Calthorpe Street; both in London.	Goodison 1; RSW..
RIVOLTA, D. 1	PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X.	may be the same as D. Rivolta 2, which see.		Goodison 1.
RIVOLTA, D. 2	Scotland, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = RSM.		Edinburgh.	Goodison 1.
RIVOLTA, F. 1	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X.		Macclesfield.	Goodison 1.
RIVOLTA, F. 2	England, PHIM	Stick Barometer = X.		Reading.	Goodison 1.
RIVOLTA, F., AND CO.	England, c.1775, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = 1975 Auction Cat.	F. Rivolta (1) and Co.	Macclesfield.	RSW.
RIVOLTA, J., AND CO.	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X.	might be F. Rivolta and Co.	Macclesfield.	Goodison 1; RSW.
RIVOLTA, L.	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X.			Goodison 1.
RIVOTTA	England,		see Marzoratti and Rivotta; F. Rivolta 2 ?		Bell 2.
RIX, J.	England, fl.1750-60, MIM	Cometarium = USNM; Slide Rules = P.C., D.(1982); Slide Rule, 1758 = X.	watch and clockmaker; slide rule signed "Rix maker 1758" and marked "For the excise."	in Shrewsbury Court, in White Cross Street, near Cripplegate, London.	Taylor 2(530); A.J. Turner 10; Clay and Court; Coffeen F; RSW.
RIX, WILLIAM	England, c.1740, MIM		apprenticed to Thomas Cooke 1; made slide rules.	at the Mariner and Globe, facing the lower End of the Old Jewry, London.	Darius 2.
RIZAUD	France,		instrument maker.	Paris.	Evans 1.
RIZZI, A.	England, PHIM		T.C. on the back of a wheel barometer.		RSW.
RIZZO, DOMENICO	Italy, 17th Century, MIM	Boxed Magnetic Compass = ADL-M224.	the name is on the lid of the box, together with the figure of a man; might well be the name of the owner.		Michel 3; Engelmann 1; ADL; RSW.
ROACH AND WARNER	USA, fl.1837-42, MIM PHIM SIM	Surveyor's Compasses = ADL-A118, P.C.	John Roach and Henry Warner; they were partners from 1837 to 1842.	293 Broadway, New York, N.Y.	Smart 1; USNM; ADL; RSW.
ROACH, JOHN	Ireland; USA, 1813-91, MIM OIM PHIM SIM	Surveyor's Compasses = Mackay School of Mines, Reno, Nev., Michigan State University Museum, East Lansing, P.C.; Y-Level = USNM.	worked alone in New York from 1833 to 1837 and again from 1843 to 1861; worked with Warner as Roach and Warner from 1837 to 1842; worked with Joseph Charles Sala from 1861 to 1891 when Sala succeeded him.	Cork (1813-33); 116 White (1833-35); 3 Wall Street (1836-37); 293 Broadway (1837-42); 72 Nassau (1842-43); the last five all in New York, N.Y; 720 California Stret (1855-90); 429 Montgomery Street (1891); last two in San Francisco, Cal.	Smart 1; USNM; RSW.
ROACH, L.	USA, c.1850, PHIM	Barometer = Nat'l Air and Space Museum, Washington, D.C.		New York, N.Y.	USNM.
ROBB, WILLIAM	Scotland, fl.1776-1816, PHIM	Angle Barometers = X (2), D.(1963) (2).	one of the X barometers is also marked "David Milne, Carnbegg" and was possibly made by B. Knie; Robb is listed as a clockmaker.	Montrose.	Goodison 1 & 5; RSW.
ROBBINS, J. AND C.	England, 19th Century, OIM	Microscope = Phillips 10/26/83.		9 Bartholomew Close, London.	RSW.
ROBELOU, ISAAC	England, c.1719, PHIM	Stick Barometer, 1719 = KEN.		London.	Goodison 1; McConnell 1.
ROBEQUI, JOSEPH MARIE	France, c.1775,		invented a plotting protractor which was made by Jules Borromei in 1775, ADL-M98.		Daumas 1; Michel 3; Engelmann 1; ADL; RSW.
ROBERT	France, c.1840, PHIM	Barometer = Versailles 11/20/83.	signed "Robert opticien" with address.	passage Saint-Pierre, N. 4, Versailles.	RSW.
ROBERT DE VAUGONDY	France, fl.1645-50, MIM	Planetarium, 1650 = ROU-61.	author of book published in 1645; surely related to Gilles and Didier Robert de Vaugondy, which see.	Paris.	RSW.
ROBERT DE VAUGONDY, DIDIER	France, 1723-86, MIM		son of Gilles Robert de Vaugondy and worked with him; made armillary spheres and globes.	Paris.	Yonge; Michel 3.
ROBERT DE VAUGONDY, GILLES	France, 1688-1766, MIM	Terrestrial Globe, 1750 = CNAM; Pair of Globes = VNN.	father of Didier Robert de Vaugondy who worked with him in producing maps, globes and atlases; grandson of Nicolas Sanson; the VNN terrestrial globe was corrected by Delamarche in 1787.	Paris.	Yonge; Michel 3; RSW.
ROBERT OF CHESTER	England, c.1140, MIM			Chester.	Gunther 3.
ROBERT, HENRI 1	France, 17th Century, MIM	Diptych Sundial, ivory = ROU-103.		Marseilles.	Michel 3; RSW.
ROBERT, HENRI 2			see MM. de Peyronny et Henri Robert.		ADL; RSW.
ROBERT, HENRY	France, 1833, MIM	Astronomical Demonstration Device = D.(1985); Horizontal Sundial = Wray-102; Pillar Sundials in cardboard tubes with the equation of time scales = ADL-N27, TIM, WHI(FIT), CHF, BM, NMM, CNAM, WUP, Cranbrook Institute of Science, Mich., D.(1997), Soth. 12/12/55, Gersaint, La Rochelle 7/20/96; etc.	"Horloger de la Marine, Breveté S.G.D.G"; D. pillar dial signed "Horloger de la Reine"; pupil of Breguet; advertisement in La Gazette de France (1833) (Price Coll.); Gersaint is for 46°; pillar dials sold for 5 francs	au Palais Royal, No. 164 au p/er (anci/ne maison Laresche); Rue du Coq St. Honoré, No. 8; both in Paris.	Bryden 16; Michel 3; USNM; MADEX; Dewhirst; NMM 2; Coffeen 56; ADL; RSW.
ROBERT, JONA FRANCIS	Holland, fl.1783-86,		made the ecliptic circle for the orrery by Eeckhout.	Middleburg.	Mörzer Bruyns 2.
ROBERT, MASTER	France, 1377, MIM		sundial maker; made an almanac for the Duke of Burgundy in 1377.	Dijon.	A.J. Turner 10.
ROBERT, THEODORE	England, NIM	Sextant = D.(1976).		34 Strand Street, Liverpool.	RSW.
ROBERTS 1	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X.		Stonehouse.	Goodison 1.
ROBERTS 2	England, NIM		see Simpson and Roberts.	34 Strand Street, Liverpool.	RSW.
ROBERTS, EDWARD 1	England, fl.1742-85, MIM	Slide Rules = P.C. (1754), (1755), Christie 12/14/89 (pre-1758).	apprenticed to Thomas Cooke 1 in the Joiners' Company on April 3, 1733; free in the Company, April 6, 1742; took apprentices; Christie slide rule carries owner's name and date, "Edward Dawson. Mansfield. 1758."	Old Jewry (1749-57); Dove Court, Old Jewry (1778-82); both in London.	Crawforth 7; Delehar 2; RSW.
ROBERTS, EDWARD 2	England, fl.1785-96, MIM	Slide Rule, Everard-type, wood, 1791 = X; Slide Rule, three slides, wood = ADL-N37, Christie-SK 6/2/83; Gauging Slide Rule, Verie-type, wood = X; Slide Rule, four slides, wood = D.(1991).	apprenticed to his father, Edward Roberts 1, in the Joiners' Company on July 19, 1763; free of the Company, May 3, 1785.	(at his father's) 3 Dove Court, Old Jewry (1785); Grocer's Alley; both in London.	Taylor 2(1034); Crawforth 7; Bryden 9; Clay and Court; Darius 2; Delehar 9; Gemmary III; ADL; RSW.
ROBERTS, GEORGE	England, c.1765,		apprenticed to his father, Edward Roberts 1, in the Joiners' Company on Oct. 29, 1765.		Crawforth 7.
ROBERTS, HENRY	England, c.1834, OIM			48 Inge Street, Birmingham.	Taylor 2(1981).
ROBERTS, JONATHAN	England, fl.1681-1727, MIM		apprenticed to Joseph Howe in the Broderers' Company; free of the Company, Feb. 3, 1681; took apprentices.	at a Cookes against ye Red Cross in East Smithfield (1681); Fleet Street (1700); both in London.	Crawforth 7; J. Brown 1.
ROBERTS, RICHARD	England, 18th Century, PHIM		balance maker.	Bartholomew Lane, near the Royal Exchange, London.	Taylor 2(1036).
ROBERTS, SAMUEL	England, fl.1755-1800, MIM	Sundials = Churchyards at Llonbrynmair, Llanfair Caereimion, and Manafan, Mont.		Llanfair Caereinion.	Peate.
ROBERTS, THOMAS	England, pre-1864, OIM	Telescope = D.(1989).		3 Strand Street, Liverpool.	Rinaldi 23.
ROBERTS, WILLIAM 1	England, fl.1700-21, MIM		apprenticed to Jonathan Roberts in the Broderers' Ccompany on July 2, 1688; free in the Company, Feb. 3, 1700; took apprentices.	London.	Crawforth 7.
ROBERTS, WILLIAM 2	England, c.1773,		apprenticed to Edward Roberts 1 (his grandfather?) in the Joiners' Company on Sept. 7, 1773.		Crawforth 7.
ROBERTS, WILLIAM 3	England, fl.1822-41, MIM		made rules of boxwood and ivory.	21 West Bar, Sheffield.	Taylor 2(1686); Crawforth 6.
ROBERTSON, DR.	England, pre-1830,		patented an improvement for the marine barometer; an example is in the VNN.	London.	RSW.
ROBERTSON, JOHN	England, 1712-76, MIM	Table Sundial = Versailles 4/17/83.	invented an improved slide rule; F.R.S.; author of book on mathematical instruments, London, 1775.	Christ's Hospial, London (1748); Portsmouth Naval Academy (1755-66).	Taylor 2(300).
ROBERTSON, R.	NIM	Octant = Brown University, Providence, R.I.			USNM.
ROBERTSON, WILLIAM	Scotland, fl.1730-60, OIM	Compound Microscopes = Clerk of Penicuik family (2), RMS, WHI, Earl of Bute (1783).	the Earl of Bute's microscope was signed "Gul. R. fecit."	Edinburgh.	Bryden 4.
ROBERVAL			see Gilles Personne.		RSW.
ROBIJN, JACOB	Holland, 1679, NIM		partner with Johannes van Keulen 1 in 1679; is he the same person as Jacobus Robijn?	Amsterdam.	Mörzer Bruyns 2.
ROBIJN, JACOBUS	Holland, c.1649-1701, NIM		made cross-staves, 1688; succeeded by Joachim Hasebroek	Nieuwebrugsteeg, Amsterdam.	Mörzer Bruyns 2.
ROBILOU, ISAAC	England, 1719, PHIM	Stick Barometer, 1719 = X.		London.	Tyler.
ROBIN, ROBERT	France, 1742-1809, MIM PHIM	Meridian Sundial, 1789 = CNAM; Wheel Barometer, with clock = Chelsea Fair.	"Horloger du Roy."	au Galleries du Louvre, Paris.	Ithaca; RSW.
ROBINS, JOH.	England, c.1700, MIM	Compass Sundial = D.(1989) = ADL-A289.	"I.R." (2) (which see) is punched into the hour scale.		Coffeen 25; ADL; RSW.
ROBINSON	England, c.1850, PHIM	Stick Barometer = Soth.-S 4/24/87.	see Robinson Bros.	53 Bishopsgate Street, London.	RSW.
ROBINSON AND BARROW	England, fl.1842-45, PHIM		Thomas Charles Robinson and Henry Barrow; Barrow bought Robinson's business in 1842, after Robinson's death.	38 Devonshire Street, Portland Place (1842); 26 Oxendon Street, Haymarket (1843); both in London.	Chaldecott 3; RGO.
ROBINSON BROS.	England, c.1850, OIM PHIM	Telescope = Soth.-N.Y. 2/23/79.	see Robinson.	53 Bishopsgate Street, London and Market Square, Shrewbury.	RSW.
ROBINSON, B.C.	England, c.1854, MIM		T.C.; made chronometers.	Middlesborough.	Crawforth 1.
ROBINSON, BURNHAM AND CO.	USA, c.1831, MIM		watchmakers.	Danvers, Mass.	Smart 1.
ROBINSON, DANIEL	England, 19th Century, PHIM	Money Balance = Versailles 4/17/83; Wheel Barometer = Phillips-Leeds 12/16/87.		Bradford.	RSW.
ROBINSON, H.	England, c.1860, PHIM	Stick Barometer = Soth.-S 1/25/89.		South Shields.	RSW.
ROBINSON, HENRY	England, c.1733, MIM		apprenticed to Richard Hutchinson 2 of the Clockmakers' Company on March 3, 1724; free in the Company, June 4, 1733.		J. Brown 3.
ROBINSON, JAMES	Ireland, fl.1845-84, OIM		optician; philosophical artist; firm was called James Robinson and Sons from 1885 to 1910.	Museum of Curiosities, 41 Grafton Street (1845); Polytechnic Museum and Gallery of Curiosities, 65 Grafton Street (1846-55); Poltechnic Museum and Photographic Gallery (1856-84); all in Dublin.	Morrison-Low and Burnett.
ROBINSON, JAMES, AND SONS	Ireland, fl.1885-1910, OIM			Dublin.	Morrison-Low and Burnett.
ROBINSON, JOHN 1	England, c.1743, MIM		see (Thomas) Crosby and (John) Robinson (1); they split up in 1743; T.C.	Dock Hed, Redriff (1743); London.	Crawforth 1.
ROBINSON, JOHN 2	England, c.1761, MIM		apprenticed to Henry Craford in the Grocers' Company on Oct. 4, 1753; free in the Company, Mar. 3, 1761.	at Mr. Craford's, Ratcliff Highway, London.	J. Brown 1.
ROBINSON, JOHN 3	Ireland, fl.1791-95, MIM			4 Drogheda Street (1791-92); 21 Hawkin's Street (1794-95); all in Dublin.	Morrison-Low and Burnett.
ROBINSON, L.	England, MIM SIM	Surveyor's Compass = Naval Training Center Historical Museum, Cal.		Liverpool.	USNM.
ROBINSON, THOMAS CHARLES	England, 1792-1841, MIM NIM PHIM SIM	Mountain Barometer = X; Dip Circle = RGO; Balances = WHI, RSM, Cambridge University Mining Dept.; Theodolite, miniature = Yorkshire Museum, York; Universal Instrument, 1857 = BRO.	developed a type of beam balance; made rock crystal prisms; Henry Barrow bought the business in 1842 and continued it as Robinson and Barrow.	38 Devonshire Street, Portland Place, London.	Taylor 2(1687); Goodison 1; USNM; Bryden 8; G.L'E. Turner 24; Stock 1; Dewhirst; Darius 4.
ROBINSON, THOMAS ROMNEY	England, 1792-1882,		Rev. Dr. Robinson; invented the windmill-type anemometer in 1846.		G.L'E. Turner 24.
ROBOTHAN, WALTER	England,		T.C.; sold instruments.	at the Red M and Dagger in Pope's Head Alley against the Royal Exchange in Cornhill, London.	Crawforth 1.
ROCCHETTI, PAOLO	Italy; England, fl.1840-77; d.1897, MIM PHIM SIM	Compass, 1857 = Padua University.	showed in the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London.	Padua (Austria) (1851); London (1851); Florence (1861).	G.L'E. Turner 24; Brenni 1.
ROCHEL, HANS T.			misreading for Troschel.		Pugsley Sale.
ROCHET			see Rochette, Gaspard.		RSW.
ROCHETTE	France, c.1820, PHIM	Barometer = Nouveau Drouot 5/20/88.	Rochette Jeune ?	Quais de l'Horloge, No. 81, Paris.	RSW.
ROCHETTE JEUNE	France, c.1820, MIM SIM	Graphometers = P.C. (1979), P.C. (1987), Libert and Castor 4/28/82; Clinometer = D.(1973); Surveying Instrument = P.C. (1987); Miner's Compass = P.C. (1987).	probably the son of Gaspard Rochette.	au Griffon, Quai de l'Horloge, Paris.	Wynter and Turner; Wynter; RSW.
ROCHETTE, GASPARD	France, 1754-1805, MIM OIM SIM	Surveyor's Circle = D.(1973); Telescopes = P.C., D.(1967; Sectors = P.C., Drouot 11/7/75; Rule = P.C.; Square, folding (metric scale) = Christie 4/3/85; Graphometer = Drouot Richelieu 4/28/88.	probably the father of Rochette jeune; graphometer is signed "Rochet"; see Rochette père.	Quay du Nord (1794); Quay de l'Horloge du Palais N.60; 49 Quay de l'Horloge (1805); all in Paris.	Daumas 1; USNM; Wynter; Maddison 1; RSW.
ROCHETTE, PERE	France, OIM	Telescope = Versailles 11/19/78.	Rochette père; may be Gaspard Rochette.	Paris.	RSW.
ROCHON	France, c.1790, MIM OIM		developed a micrometer for telescopes.		A.J. Turner 10.
RODELLA, GIOVANNI BATTISTA	Italy, 1749-1834, MIM PHIM SIM	Telescopic Level = ADL-M191; Alidade = NMM; Compass, 1814 = Padua University.	clockmaker; appointed mechanician to the Specola di Padova, 1794-1802; the ADL instrument is marked "Regio Machinista Padua."	Venice; Padua (1794).	Michel 3; NMM 1; Engelmann 1; Brenni 1; ADL; RSW.
RODELLA, GIUSEPPE	Italy, fl.1595-1620,		instrument maker.	Padua.	Evans 1.
RODGERSON, W.	England, NIM PHIM	Marine Barometer = X.	T.C.; manufacturer of nautical instruments; printer.	10 St. James Street, Liverpool.	Goodison 1; RSW.
RODGERSON, WILLIAM	England, fl.1835-90, MIM OIM			Chathan Buildings, Liverpool.	Taylor 2(2222); Crawforth 6.
RODRIGAS	Spain, OIM	Telescope = Observatory, Madrid.		Madrid.	RSW.
RODRIGUEZ, FULGENCIO	Spain, fl.1805-06, NIM	Sextant, 1805 = MAN-I 121; Sextant = MAN-I 25; Sextant, 1806 = Christie-SK 10/23/87.		Ferrol.	Garcia Franco 1; RSW.
ROE 1	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometer, with watch = Soth.-S 9/18/86.	the watch movement is signed "Wm. Sharpe, London."	Midhurst.	RSW.
ROE 2	England, c.1850, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = Soth. 6/27/88.		Godalming.	RSW.
ROE, JOSEPH ADOLPHUS	England, fl.1855-60, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X.	the barometer is signed "J. Roe Ipswich"; watch and clockmaker.	Tacket Street, Ipswich.	Goodison 1
ROELOFS AND RIENKS	Holland, c.1825, MIM OIM		microscope and telescope makers; Arjen Roelofs and Syds Johannes Z. Rienks.	Friesland.	Dewhirst.
ROELOFS, ALBERT	Holland, 1745-1809, OIM		brother of Pieter and Arjen Roelofs.	Hijum.	Rooseboom 1.
ROELOFS, ARJEN	Holland, 1754-1828, MIM OIM PHIM		brother of Albert and Pieter Roelofs; worked with Syd Johannes Z. Rienks as Roelofs and Rienks, 1825; made microscopes and barometers, also made a cometarium and a jovilabium.	Hijum.	Rooseboom 1.
ROELOFS, PIETER	Holland, 1742-1801, MIM OIM		brother of Albert and Arjen Roelofs.	Hijum.	Rooseboom 1.
ROEMER, OLAUS	Denmark; France, 1644-1710, MIM OIM PHIM		astronomer; built one of the first transit telescopes; constructed planispheres, a saturnilabium, a jovilabium (1673), while in Paris; produced standard thermometers (1702);	Copenhagen; Paris (c.1679); Copenhagen.	Cohen 2; North 2; G.L'E. Turner 24; A.J. Turner 10; Drekker; RSW.
ROGER, MARK	England, c.1814,		developed a new slide rule for compounding interest.		G.L'E. Turner 24.
ROGERS, J.	England, fl.1755-1828, OIM		wrote on telescopes.		Taylor 2(532).
ROGERS, MARK	England, fl.1716-37, MIM		apprenticed to John Crooke 1 in the Joiners' Company on May 7, 1706; free in the Company Aug.7, 1716; took apprentices.	Long Walk, London.(1737).	Crawforth 7.
ROGERSON AND CO.	England, NIM	Octant = OMM.		11 South Lombard Street, Liverpool.	RSW.
ROGET, PETER MARK	England, 1779-1869,		physician and scholar; invented the log-log scale for the slide rule in 1815; F.R.S. in 1815; published the Thesaurus in 1852.	Manchester (1798-1810); London.	DNB; Delehar 9; A.J. Turner 10.
ROHDE, F., ET FILS	Russia, c.1850, MIM OIM	Gunner's Square = P.C.	"opticiens et mecaniciens."	St. Petersburg.	RSW.
ROHLEIN, CHRISTOFF	Germany, 1680, MIM	Astronomical Compendium, 1680 = P.C.	Christoff Röhlein.	Dresden.	Pippa.
ROHR, NIELS			see Niels Rohr Bangs.		RSW.
ROIAS, JUAN DE	Belgium; France, c.1550,		pupil of Gemma Frisius; invented a new projection for the astrolabe; author of "Commentarium in Astrolabium", Lutetia, 1550.	Louvain; Paris (1550).	Michel 2 & 3; Maddison 1 & 7; Gunther 1; Perry.
ROLANDS, J.	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X.			Goodison 1.
ROLAS VAN VRIES, J.	Holland, 1642, MIM	Astrolabe, 1642 = X.		Amsterdam.	Michel 2.
ROLFE, SAMUEL	England, c.1700?, MIM	Compass Sundials = OXF, ADL-W237, Christie 12/18/74 = Christie 4/9/75.	the compass sundial ADL-W237 is marked "S.R." (1) at the east point of the compass rose; "1742" scratched on bottom of hour scale; see Samuel Rolt.	London.	Taylor 1(448); Gunther 2; Michel 3; Evans 1; ADL; RSW.
ROLL, GEORG	Germany, fl.1560-92, MIM	Celestial Globe with clockwork, 1588 = VIE.	made clockwork globes with Johannes Reinhold; worked for Rudolph II; see the entry for Georg Roll und Johannes Reinhold.	Augsburg.	Zinner 1; Michel 3.
ROLL, GEORG, UND JOHANNES REINHOLD	Germany, fl.1584-86, MIM	Celestial Globes with clockwork = VAA (1584), DRE (1586), Naples Observatory (1586), GEL; Astronomical Clocks = VAA (1576), VIE (1584).	worked for Rudolph II.	Augsburg.	Zinner 1; Grimaldi; RSW.
ROLOSON, WILLIAM	England, c.1698,		as an apprentice, turned over to Joseph Wells in the Joiners' Company from William Dixon in 1690; turned over to Michael Savage in 1696 or later; both members of the Joiners' Company; free of the Company, 1698.		Crawforth 7.
ROLT, SAMUEL	England, c.1714, MIM		apprenticed to John Johnson 3 of the Grocers' Company on June 19, 1714; probably Samuel Rolfe, which see.		J. Brown 1; ADL; RSW.
ROM:KAY:MAY:	Austria, 1709, MIM	Inclinometer, 1709 = VIT.		Salzburg.	Kirnbauer 1.
ROMANS, BERNARD	USA, fl.1720-84,		made improvements to the marine compass, 1733; geographer and cartographer.		Bedini 8.
ROMLEY, CHRISTOPHER	England, c.1750,		founder; T.C.	at the Sign of the Three Bells in Horse-Shoe Alley, Middle Moorfields, London.	Crawforth 1.
RON, ANDREAS	Germany, 1572, MIM	Astronomical Clock, 1572 = X.		Augsburg.	Neumann 1.
RONCHATE, BAPTIS	England, PHIM	Double Barometer = OXF.	probably Giovanni Battista Ronchetti, which see.		Goodison 1 and 5.
RONCHETI	England, c.1800, PHIM	Stick Barometer = Soth. 10/22/87.	signed "Roncheti fecit."		RSW.
RONCHETI AND GATTY	England, c.1790, PHIM	Wheel Barometers = X, D.(1965), D.(1990).	might have been Bapt. Roncheti or J.M. Ronketti and James Gatty; the dealer's barometer was signed "Ronchetti and Gatty."	London.	Goodison 1.
RONCHETI, BAPT.	England, c.1780, PHIM	Stick Barometers = X (4), Soth. 1/19/73, Daggett House, Edgartown, Mass.; Double Barometer = D.(1971); Wheel Barometers = Soth.-Bearne 4/4/78, Soth. 10/22/87.	probably Giovanni Battista Ronchetti, which see; one barometer signed "B. Roncheti Manchester"; another "Bap. Roncheti, 15 High Street, Manchester"; two are signed "Bapt. Ronchetti"; Soth. 10/22/87 is signed "Bapt. Roncheti Fecit."	15 High Street, Manchester.	Goodison 1; RSW.
RONCHETI, BAPT., AND CO.	England, PHIM	Angle Barometer = Gloucester Museum; Stick Barometers = X (2).	probably Giovanni Battista Ronchetti.		Goodison 1.
RONCHETI, T.	England, PHIM	Stick Barometer = X.		Bristol.	Goodison 1.
RONCHETTI 1	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X.	could be either Edmund or Thomas Ronchetti.	Exeter.	Goodison 1.
RONCHETTI 2	England, c.1780, PHIM	Wheel Barometers = X, Soth. 4/22/88; Stick Barometer = D.(1965).	could be by J. (1 or 2), John B., or Joshua Ronchetti 1; Goodison favored the latter for the X wheel barometer.	43 Market Street, Manchester.	Goodison 1; RSW.
RONCHETTI 3			see P. Martinelli, Ronchetti and Co.		Goodison 1.
RONCHETTI AND SON	England, fl.1836-39, PHIM		may be John Ronchetti and Son; succeeded by Joseph Somalvico 2 in J. Somalvico and Co.	2 Hatton Garden, London.	Goodison 1.
RONCHETTI, BAPST., LOMAS AND CO.	England, c.1800, PHIM	Stick Barometer = Soth. 6/4/92.	surely Baptiste Roncheti, which see.	Manchester.	RSW.
RONCHETTI, CHARLES JOSHUA			see Joshua Ronchetti 1.		Goodison 1.
RONCHETTI, EDMUND	England, PHIM		barometer maker.	Waterbeer Street, Exeter.	Goodison 1.
RONCHETTI, J. 1	England, PHIM	Stick Barometer = RSM.	optician; probably Joshua Ronchetti 1 or 2.	Manchester.	Goodison 1.
RONCHETTI, J. 2	England, 19th Century, PHIM	Wheel Barometers = X, Phillips 12/17/89.	J. Ronchetti 1 and 2 may be the same man.	Victoria Street, Manchester.	Goodison 1; RSW.
RONCHETTI, JOHN	Italy; England, fl.1836-38, PHIM		barometer maker.	25 Hatton Garden, London.	Taylor 2(2223); Goodison 1.
RONCHETTI, JOHN B. AND JOSHUA (2)	England, fl.1841-51, OIM PHIM		John Baptist Ronchetti and his brother, Joshua Ronchetti 2; sons of Joshua Ronchetti 1; they were succeeded by their brother-in-law, Joseph L. Casartelli in 1851.	43 Market Street, Manchester.	Goodison 1.
RONCHETTI, JOHN BAPTIST	England, 1812-80, OIM PHIM		son of Joshua Ronchetti 1; he worked with his brother, Joshua Ronchetti 2 from 1841 to 1851; hydrometer and thermometer makers; they were succeeded by Joseph L. Casartelli who married their sister.	9 Cambridge Street, Golden Square; 43 Market Street; both in Manchester.	Goodison 1; USNM.
RONCHETTI, JOSHUA 1	Italy; England, fl.1817-41, MIM OIM PHIM	Mathematical Instrument Set = Soth. 10/28/63; Wheel Barometer = X; Stick Barometer = VCW; Azimuth Compass = P.C. (1982).	full name was Charles Joshua Ronchetti; son of Giovanni Battista Ronchetti; father of John Baptist and Joshua (2) Ronchetti.	29 Balloon Street (1817); St. Anns Passage (1829); Cateaton Street (1830); 43 Market Street (1832-41); all in Manchester.	Taylor 2(1689); Goodison 1; RSW.
RONCHETTI, JOSHUA 2	England, fl.1841-51, OIM PHIM	Wheel Barometer = Soth. 7/21/87.	son of (Charles) Joshua Ronchetti 1; worked with his brother John Baptist Ronchetti, 1841 to 1851.	43 Market Street, Manchester.	Goodison 1; RSW.
RONCHETTI, THOMAS	England, fl.1822-56, PHIM		optician; barometer maker.	New Bridge Street (1822); 4 Mount Pleasant, Black Boy Road (1830); Black Boy Road (1850-56); all in Exeter.	Goodison 1.
RONCHETY, I. AND M.	England, PHIM	Stick Barometer = X.		probably John Merry Ronketti	Goodison 1.
RONCI	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X.		London.	Goodison 1.
RONCORONE, FRA.	England, PHIM	Stick Barometer = X.		London.	Goodison 1.
RONDELET	France, 1789,		instrument maker at PBN.		Evans 1?; RSW.
RONDINI, JEAN	England, c.1815, OIM		held a patent on dioptric telescopes.	London.	Dewhirst.
RONKETTI	England, c.1825, PHIM	Stick Barometer = D.(1977).		Manchester.	RSW.
RONKETTI AND CO.	England, PHIM		see John Merry Ronketti.		Goodison 1.
RONKETTI, B.	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X.	see Bapt. Roncheti.	Manchester.	Goodison 1.
RONKETTI, J. AND M.	England, c.1815, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X.; Stick Barometer = Soth. 7/16/76.	misreading for John Merry Ronketti.	6 Peter Street, Bloomsbury, London.	Goodison 1; RSW.
RONKETTI, J.G.H.	England, fl.1845-46, PHIM	Stick Barometer = X; Wheel Barometer = D.(1975).	the stick barometer is signed "I.G.H. Ronketti, 15 Museum Street, Bloomsbury"; see John Ronketti 1 at that address.	102 St. Martins Lane (1845); 116 Great Russell Street (1845); 19 Leather Lane (1846); 15 Museum Street; all in London.	Goodison 1; RSW.
RONKETTI, JOHN 1	England, fl.1823-44, PHIM		barometer and thermometer maker; see J.G.H. Ronketti; became a partner with Henry Negretti, c.1840.	15 Museum Street, Bloomsbury, London.	Taylor 2(2224); Goodison 1; Middleton 1.
RONKETTI, JOHN 2	USA, c.1850, PHIM		may be related to Joshua Ronchetti 1 or 2 of Manchester; see John George Ronketti.	New York, N.Y.	D.J. Warner 5.
RONKETTI, JOHN GEORGE	England; USA, fl.1820-53, MIM NIM PHIM		may be John Ronketti 2, which see; New York business directory for 1852-53 showed him as an instrument maker.	8 Back Hill, Hatton Garden (1822); Leather Lane; both in London; New York, N.Y. (1852-53).	Taylor 2(1690a); Goodison 1; USNM; Middleton 1.
RONKETTI, JOHN MERRY	Italy; England, fl.1790-1819, PHIM	Wheel Barometers = Longleat House, X, Soth. 11/20/70 and 6/6/75; Stick Barometer = Soth. 7/6/73.		180 Holborn (1790-97); 6 Peter Street, Bloomsbury (1800-19); both in London.	Goodison 1; RSW.
RONKETTI, JOSEPH 1	England, fl.1820-22, PHIM	barometer maker.		8 Back Hill, Hatton Garden, London.	Taylor 2(1690).
RONKETTI, JOSEPH 2	England, fl.1854-60, PHIM		barometer and thermometer maker.	31 Northampton Road, London.	Goodison 1.
RONKITTE, J.M.			see John Merry Ronketti.		Goodison 1.
RONLEY, JOHN	England, MIM OIM	Micrometer = WHI.	moving-wire eyepiece micrometer.		J,A. Bennett 2.
RONN, W. VON, UND F.A. HUHN	Germany, c.1827, NIM		W. von Rönn und F.A. Hühn.		Schück.
RONQUETTI	France, c.1780, PHIM	Barometer on clock = Soth. 10/26/73; Barometers = Soth.-Wilkinson and Hodge 6/22/23 and 7/20/23.		Paris.	RSW.
ROOKE, J.	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometers = X (2).			Goodison 1.
ROOKER, JOHN A.	England, fl.1810-46, MIM	Slide Rule, 1810 = Evans Coll.; Pocket Calendar = Evans Coll.; Pantograph = Soth. 2/7/72.	the instruments are signed "John Rooker"; apprenticed to James Martin in the Grocers' Company on Sept. 4, 1794; free in the Company, 1810; divided the log-log slide rules, invented by Peter Mark Roget and sold by Francis West.	Little Queen Street; Lamb's Conduit Street; both in London.	Taylor 2(1418); J. Brown 1; G.L'E. Turner 24; Delehar 9.
ROORISTER, C.V.	Germany, c.1843,		invented a computing scale made by Ertel und Sohn.	Munich.	Brieux 2.
ROOSE, THOMAS	England, c.1828, MIM			16 north Side, Old Dock, Liverpool.	Taylor 2(1691).
ROOSEBOOM, JAN	Holland, c.1809, MIM OIM SIM		made telescopes and surveying instruments.	Buiksloot.	Rooseboom 1.
ROOSENBOOM, JN.	Holland, c.1825, NIM	Zak Sextant = AMST.		Amsterdam.	Mörzer Bruyns 1.
ROOTS, EDWARD	England, c.1728, MIM		apprenticed to Benjamin Macy of the Clockmakers' Company on Dec. 20, 1728.		J. Brown 3.
ROPER, ABRAHAM	Ireland, fl.1787-93, MIM		listed as Abraham Rosser, 1787-88.	8 Bedford Row, Dublin (1787-93).	Morrison-Low and Burnett; Bryden 9.
RORDORF	Italy, c.1825, PHIM	Stick Barometer = Phillips 7/20/83.	"Toledo N.286 à Naples."	Naples.	RSW.
ROSA, FELIX	France,		Félix Rosa; worked for Vaucanson, which see.		Daumas 1.
ROSAI, F.	England, PHIM	Stick Barometer = X.			Goodison 1.
ROSAPINI, P.	England, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = X.		Ticehurst.	Goodison 1.
ROSATTE, J.	England, PHIM		this name appears on a printed paper barometer scale.	Leeds.	Goodison 1.
ROSCOE, ROBERT	England, fl.1696-1730, MIM			Liverpool.	Bryden 9.
ROSE, DANIEL	England, MIM	Sundials = Shutts near Ashopton Hall and Derwent Churchyard, Derwent.		Derbyshire.	Gatty.
ROSE, JOHN	England, c.1688,		apprenticed to John Toogood in the Joiners' Company on Dec. 11, 1688.		Crawforth 7.
ROSELL, JOSE	Spain, c.1850, MIM NIM	Octant = MAN-I128; Alidade with compass and case = Gersaint 7/20/96.	"Gran establecimiento de instrumentos de Jose Sosee."	Plaza de Palacionumero 13, Barcelona.	Garcia Franco 1.
ROSEN, CARL	Norway, NIM	Magnetic Compass = NOR.		Fahlun.	RSW.
ROSENBERG, JOHAN PETTER	Sweden, fl.1764-77, MIM		instrument maker; apprenticed to Daniel Ekström, took over his shop; maker to the Academy, 1764-77.	Stockholm.	Pipping 1.
ROSENBERG, PETTER	Sweden, c.1730,		instrument maker to the Corps of Engineers.	Stockholm.	Pipping 1.
ROSENFALDT, HANS	Sweden, 1567, MIM		Hans Rosenfäldt made a silver astrolabe for Erik XIV, King of Sweden, for 1,200 marks.		RSW.
ROSENTALL, I.	England, c.1800, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = Soth. Pulborough 3/1/83.		Burton-on-Trent.	RSW.
ROSENTHAL, GOTTFRIED ERICH	Germany, c.1782, PHIM		made an improvement for a portable barometer.	Stuttgart.	Middleton 1.
ROSENTHAL, J.C.	Germany, 1717, MIM	Table Sundial, 1717 = EMA; Sundial, 1717 = Soth. 5/11/23.	may be the same sundial.		Zinner 1; RSW.
ROSLIN, EUSTACHIUS	Germany, c.1537,		Röslin wrote an explanation of the astrolabe in 1537.	Frankfort.	Zinner 1.
ROSS	England, c.1820,		see Lewis and Ross.	London.	Taylor 2(1624).
ROSS AND CO.	England, c.1859, OIM		Thomas Ross who succeeded his father, Andrew Ross, c.1859.	London.	RSW.
ROSS, ANDREW	England, 1798-1859, OIM PHIM	Microscope, presentation set = D.(1989).	apprenticed to John Corless in the Joiners' Company on July 20, 1813; optician; produced over four thousand microscopes; also made telescopes, stick and wheel barometers, and Wilson-type rain gauges; see Andrew Ross and Co. (1837-41).	15 St. John's Square (1830); 33 Regent Street, Piccadilly (1837); 21 Featherstone Buildings (1840-47); 2 Featherstone buildings (1848-56); all (exept for Regent Street) in Clerkenwell, London.	Taylor 2(1983); Goodison 1; G.L'E. Turner 24; Morrison-Low 1; Moskowitz 132; Tesseract; Coffeen; Crawforth 7; RSW.
ROSS, ANDREW, AND CO.	England, fl.1837-41, OIM	Microscope (1839) = Soth. 7/7/78; Binoculars = D.(1984).	Andrew Ross and J.S. Lister; they developed a objective lens.	33 Regent Street, Piccadilly, London.	Taylor 2(1983); G.L'E. Turner 24; Coffeen H; RSW.
ROSS, THOMAS	England, c.1859, OIM		succeeded his father, Andrew Ross, as Ross and Co.	London.	RSW.
ROSS, WILLIAM	England, fl.1731-65, MIM	Rossisphere = P. & S. 2/28/1896 = OXF.	author; invented a type of ring sundial in 1733 called a "Rossisphere"; used a pseudonym "N.A." (New Astronomer), which see.	sondon.	Taylor 2(222 & 301); Evans 1.
ROSSELL, JOSE	Spain, MIM NIM	Sextant = BAR (2); Artificial Horizon = BAR; Octant = BAR.	José Rossell; T.C.	Plaza de Palacia N. 15, Barcelona.	RSW.
ROSSER, ABRAHAM			see Abraham Roper.		Bryden 9; Morrison-Low and Burnett..
ROSSI, DE	Italy, 1695, MIM	Set of Gores for a Celestial Globe, 1695 = NMM-Caird.	could be Dominico or Jacobus de Rossi.		NMM 1; Yonge; RSW.
ROSSI, DOMINICO DE	Germany; Italy, 1647-1719, MIM	Pairs of Globes, 1695 = Hispanic Society of America, N.Y., UCLA.	he altered Matthäus Greutter's 1638 globes and re-issued them.	Mailand; Rome.	Yonge.
ROSSI, G.	England, c.1780, PHIM	Wheel Barometers = X (5), D.(1978), Soth. 5/14/87, Ilbert Coll., Christie-SK 11/17/86.	four of the barometers are signed "G. Rossi Norwich"; the barometer offered by Soth. also has a thermometer.	Exchange Street, Norwich.	Goodison 1; RSW.
ROSSI, GIUSEPPE DE	Italy, c.1615,		printed pair of globe gores by Joducus Hondius in 1615.	Rome.	Yonge.
ROSSI, JACOBUS DE	Italy, 1695, MIM	Celestial Globe, 1695 = NYM.	"----ex chalcographia Dominico Rubeis preo Jacobus de Rubeis an. 1695"; Yonge thought he was the same person as Dominico de Rossi	Rome.	Yonge.
ROSSI, JOSEF DE	Italy, 1615,		issued globe gores, 1615; "Josef de Rubeis Mediolanensis."	Mediolanus.	Yonge.
ROSSI, JOSEPH F.	Sweden, PHIM	Stick Barometer = NOR; Wheel Barometer = NOR.	the stick barometer is signed "I. Rossi."	Stockholm.	RSW.
ROSSI, P.	England, PHIM	Stick Barometer = X.			Goodison 1.
ROSSITER	England, c.1815, PHIM	Wheel Barometer = Phillips 10/26/83.	signed on the bubble level.	Bridgwater.	RSW.
ROSSITER, GEORGE	England, c.1773,		apprenticed to John Blake in the Joiners' Company, Jan. 5, 1773.		Crawforth 7.
ROSTAND, ED.	France, MIM	Wall Sundial = Villa Ar-Naga, Cambo, B. Pyr.		Cambo, Basse Pyrennées.	Boursier.
ROSTRIGA	Spain, c.1780, MIM PHIM	Sector, wood = MAA; Vacuum Pump, double acting = ISI.	the pump may be signed "Rostriaga."	Madrid.	RSW.
ROTH	France, c.1825, MIM	Adding Machine = X.	"Roth Bte." (breveté); see Dr. Roth and M. Wertheimber.		RSW.
ROTH, DR., AND M. WERTHEIMBER	France, c.1845,		invented an automaton calculator.		Daumas 1; Practical Mechanic and Engineer's Magazine, Vol.14, pp.129-31.
ROTHKNECHT, JOH. CHRISTOPH	Austria, c.1720, MIM	Universal Ring Sundial = OXF.		Salzburg.	Gunther 2; Evans 1; RSW.
ROTHWELL	England, c.1850, MIM OIM PHIM	Microscope, Culpeper-type = Soth.2/25/86; Stick Barometer = X; Barometer = P.C.; Goniometer, stellar = Phillips 11/16/88.		Manchester.	Goodison 1; RSW.
ROTZ, JEAN	France; England, fl.1540-80, MIM		made an elaborate compass of variation for Henry VII; developed an armillary ring sundial with sights, mounted over a compass and called by him a "differential quadrant"; his father might have been a Scot.	Dieppe; London; Dieppe.	Taylor 1(15); A.J. Turner 10.
ROUCKLEIFFE, JOHN	England, c.1722,		apprenticed to Charles Crick 2 of the Grocers' Company on Aug. 29, 1722.		J. Brown 1.
ROUGETTE	France, MIM	Miner's Compass with Level = USNM.	see Rouquette.	Nimes.	USNM.
ROUQUETTE	France, c.1820, MIM SIM	Graphometer = P.C.	see Rougette.	Nimes.	USNM; RSW.
ROUSSE, JACQUES	France, 1691, MIM	Vertical Sundial, slate, 1691 = Church, Coutures.		Coutures.	Gatty.
ROUSSEAU	France, c.1777, MIM	Cannon Sundials = P.C., Christie 6/7/72, Ineichen 10/25/75; Sundials in Watch Cases = WRAY, MERC, HAY, Lempertz 6/14/76, McVitty Coll.; Magnetic Sundial = TIM.	applied for a patent for a cannon sundial in 1777; most of his work is marked "inv. fec."; collection of material is at Chenonceaux.		Price 2; Hamilton 1 & 2; RSW.
ROUSSELLE	France, 1741, MIM	Butterfield-type Sundial, 1741 = NYM.		Paris.	RSW.
ROUSSELLE, L.	France, c.1850, NIM	Sextant, small = D.(1975); Marine Compass = MYS.	"Opticien"; the sextant case has the trade card of Negus Co.	Le Havre.	RSW.
ROUSSELOT, F.	France, 1771, MIM SIM	Graphometer, 1771 = P.B. 10/9/43; Protractor with arms = P.C.; Drawing Instrument Set = ADL-N36.		Paris.	Culver 2; Brophy; ADL; RSW.
ROUSSEVILLE	France, pre-1701, MIM		made a dialling instrument.		Portaluppi.
ROUTLEDGE, ADAM	England, fl.1828-34, PHIM	Stick Barometer = X.	signed "Routledge Carlisle."	32 English Street, Carlisle	Goodison 1.
ROUTLEDGE, J.	England, fl.1805-32,		engineer; invented a type of slide rule for engineers in 1810.	Leeds.	Taylor 2(1211); Moskowitz.
ROUX	France, c.1703, MIM	Universal Ring Sundial, silver, 1703 = D.(1976).		Tourraine.	RSW.
ROUX, JACQUES	France, c.1690, MIM NIM SIM	Circumferentor = Chadenet Sale.		Toulon.	RSW
ROUX, JOSEPH	France, 1725-93, NIM	Hadley's Quadrant = VNN; Mariner's Compass = Drouot Richelieu 4/28/88.		sur le port à Marseilles.	R. Malley; RSW.
ROUX, JOSEPH, FILS, AINE ET COMP.	France, c.1760, NIM	Hadley's Quadrant = PEA.	Joseph Roux, Fils, Aîné et Comp.	Le Port vers St. Jean, Marseilles.	RSW.
ROUY, CH.	France, 1817,		invented an orrery in 1817, made by Bour.	Paris.	RSW.
ROVERELLI, ALOYS	Italy, c.1770, MIM		see Antoine Quinquernal and Roverelli.	Florence.	Michel 3.
ROVERENUS, SEXTUS	Italy, MIM	Sector = VEN.		Occulta.	Price 2.
ROWE, ROBERT	England, fl.1703-25,		invented a fluid quadrant.		Taylor 2(110).
ROWELL, JOHN	England, fl.1733-34, MIM	Sundials, stained glass = Arbury Hall, Warwick (1733), Purley Hall, Berks (1734).			Daniels 1.
ROWLAND, DAVID	England, fl.1814-33, MIM NIM		made sextants; patented improvements for sextant and quadrant circles; "an ingenious mechanic."	4 Cats Street, John Street, Edgeware Road; 68 Crawford Street (1833); both in London.	Taylor 2(1420).
ROWLAND, JOHN	England, 1724,		free of the Spectaclemakers' Company in 1724.		Crawforth 7.
ROWLAND, RICHARD	England, fl.1792-1819, MIM NIM	Magnetic Compass, in wood box, with Sundial in cover = PAM; Marine Compass = Old Gaol Museum, York, Me; Horizontal Sundial = Christie 4/3/85.	patented improvements in compasses, wheels and binnacles in 1812; made an improved sand glass in 1819; succeeded by Thomas and Edward Rowland.	Quay (1793-94); 50 Broad Quay (1807-19); both in Bristol.	Taylor 2(1421); Crawforth 6; Bryden 9; USNM; RSW.
ROWLAND, THOMAS AND EDWARD	England, fl.1825-30, MIM OIM PHIM	Stick Barometer = X.	succeeded Richard Rowland at this address.	50 Broad Quay, Bristol.	Taylor 2(1693); Goodison 1; Bryden 9.
ROWLEY	England, c.1850, PHIM	Stick Barometer = Soth. 10/19/87.	optician.	Brighton.	RSW.
ROWLEY, JAMES	England, fl.1721-88, MIM		apprenticed to Thomas Woods of the Clockmakers' Company on Dec. 6, 1714; turned over to James Drury of the same Company; free in the Company Feb. 5, 1721; took apprentices.	London.	J. Brown 3.
ROWLEY, JOHN	England, fl.1691-1728, MIM NIM SIM	made many, beautiful instruments, including mechanical equatorial sundials, orreries, sectors, heliochronometers, etc., dating from 1690 to 1716; examples are to be found at DEU, NMM, WHI, ADL, OXF, TIM, KEN, MAA, etc.	apprenticed to Joseph Howe in the Broderers' Company on Oct. 20, 1682; free in the Company on Feb. 26, 1691; took apprentices; Master of Mechanics to George I; succeeded John Worgan; succeeded by Thomas Wright 1.	Threadneedle Street, behind the Exchange (1691); Johnson's Court, Fleet Street (1710); under the Dial at St. Dunstans Church (1714-15); all in London.	Taylor 1(507) & 2(111); J. Brown 1; Crawforth 7; Taylor and Wilson; Maddison 1; Gunther 2; ADL; RSW; Michel 3; Bryden 11 and 16; J.A. Bennett 2; Gingerich 2; A.J. Turner 10; Wynter.
ROWLEY, T. AND SON	England, OIM	Telescopes, four-draw = Christie-SK 3/31/83, Versailles 11/20/83.	probably Thomas Rowley and Son.	Brighton.	RSW.
ROWLEY, T., AND SONS	England, OIM PHIM	Telescope = K. and C. 9/20/71; Wheel Barometer = K. and C. 7/13/73.	probably Thomas Rowley.	Brighton.	RSW.
ROWLEY, THOMAS	England, OIM PHIM	Wheel Barometer = K. and C. 7/13/73; Microscope, No. 198 = Soth. 12/15/78.		Brighton.	RSW.
ROYER, ABRAHAM			see A.R. 2.		Hamilton 1 and 2.
RUBEIS			see de Rossi.		Yonge.
RUBERGALL, THOMAS	England, fl.1802-54, MIM OIM PHIM	made many instruments including stick and wheel barometers, telescopes, sundials, etc; examples are at WHI, NOR, USNM, etc.	optician to George III; optician to H.R.H. Duke of Clarence (1789-1830); optician to the Queen.	27 Piccadilly; Princes Street, Soho (1802); 27 Coventry Street 1805-23; 24 Coventry Street (1826-54); all in London.	Taylor 2(1423); Goodison 1; J.A. Bennett 2; Moskowitz; Dewhirst; RSW.
RUBEUS, THEODOSIUS	Italy, 1587, MIM	Sundial, 1587 = POB.		Rome.	Michel 3.
RUCKERT, THOMAS	Germany; Czechoslovakia, fl. 1575-90, MIM	Pedometers = DRE (1575), PRA (1581), BM (1590).	may have invented the pedometer.	Dresden (1575-81); Prague (1581-90).	Zinner 1; Michel 3; Price 3; Ward 4; RSW.
RUDOLPH	Germany, c.1747, MIM OIM		mechanical and optical instrument maker to Count Hans Löser.	Reinharz.	Chaldecott 4.
RUDOLPH, J.G.	Germany, 17th Century, OIM	Telescope = ADL-M446	signed on objective lens.	Dresden.	Engelmann 1; ADL; RSW.
RUELLE	France, 1771, MIM	Horizontal Sundial, 1771 = ADL-M269.	"gravé par Ruelle."		Michel 3; Engelmann 1; ADL; RSW.
RUFFO, ANDRE	Spain, 1648, NIM	Mariner's Astrolabe, 1648 = P.C. (NMM-64)	also marked "Mel Aluresonovo", probably the owner; NMM is the National Maritime Museum Registry of Maritime Astrolabes.		Stimson 3.
RUFVEN, I.			misreading for John Ruthven, which see.		RSW.
RUGENDAS	Germany, MIM		this is a family of sundial and clockmakers; see Nikolaus Rugendas 1, 2 and 3; their work was of the highest quality and it is difficult to differentiate between them except for the few dated instruments; examples may be seen at ADL, NMM, OXF, SAL, PAR, STU, BM, NYM, THO, LOS, AUG, DEU, UTR, HAM, WHI, etc.	Augsburg.	Zinner 1; Bobinger 2; Michel 3; Hamilton 1; USNM, deRijk; Gunther 2; Price 3; Ward 4; Bryden 16; ADL; RSW.
RUGENDAS, NIKOLAUS 1	Germany, 1585-1658, MIM		made sundials and clocks; Michel thought that Nikolaus Rugendas 1 developed the Augsburg-type sundial and its variant which has a cam to automatically set the latitude.	Augsburg.	Zinner 1; Bobinger 2; Michel 3.
RUGENDAS, NIKOLAUS 2	Germany, 1619-94, MIM	Calendar Clock, 1661 = Residenz, Munich.	apprenticed to his father, Nikolaus Rugendas 1; father of Nikolaus Rugendas 3; sundial and clock maker.	Augsburg.	Zinner 1; Bobinger 2; Michel 3.
RUGENDAS, NIKOLAUS 3	Germany, 1665-1745, MIM	Sundial = LAW-307; Augsburg-type Sundials = ADL-W47, ADL-A96; Universal Ring Sundial = ADL-DPW44.	son of Nikolaus Rugendas 2; sundial and clock maker; his work dates from 1690 to 1745.	Augsburg.	Zinner 1; Bobinger 2; Michel 3; Syndram; ADL; RSW.
RUGGLES, STEVEN P.	USA?, 1837, MIM	Terrestrial Globe (for the blind), 1837 = Perkins School for the Blind, Watertown, Mass.			Yonge.
RUGHI, GAETANO	Italy, fl.1820-30, PHIM		made equipment for Leonardo Nobili's electro-magnetic experiments.	Regio Emilia.	Brenni 1.
RUHER, HANS CAROL	Germany, post-1674, MIM		Rüher; made sundials after 1674.	Nürnberg.	Gouk 1.
RUHMKORFF, HEINRICH DANIEL	Germany; France, 1803-77, PHIM	Electro-Medical Induction Apparatus = TEY; Eddy Current Machine = Pavia University.	"Mechanicien"; succeeded by J. Carpentier.	15 Rue des Maçons Sorbonne, Paris (1840).	G.L'E. Turner 24.
RUMBALL, SAMUEL	England, c.1838, MIM PHIM			5 Crane Court, St. Peter's Hill, London.	Taylor 2(2226).
RUMPF, PHILLIPP	Germany, fl.1822-27, PHIM	Balance = DRE; Heliotropes, 1822, 1827 = X; Barometer, Fortin-type, 1823 = DEU.		Göttingen.	Middleton 1; USNM; RSW.
RUPERT, PRINCE	England, 1663, MIM		invented a mechanical tracing device.		Latham and Matthews, Vol.7
RUPP AND GREGG	USA, 1844-53, MIM		Michael Rupp and William Theodore Gregg 1.	New York N.Y.	Moskowitz 122.
RUPP, MICHAEL	France; USA, 1818-99, MIM NIM SIM	Surveyor's Compass = P.C.	partner with William T. Gregg as Gregg and Rupp (1844-53); worked alone 1853-99; T.C.	France (1818-29); came to USA in 1829; New York N.Y. (1844-99).	Smart 1; USNM; RSW.
RUPP, MICHAEL, AND CO.	USA, 1853-99, MIM	Sextant = D.(1965).	T.C.; chronometer maker.	39 South Street, Corner Old Slip, New York, N.Y.	Moskowitz 122; RSW.
RUSHMER	England, c.1850, PHIM	Wheel Barometers = Soth.-S 9/18/86, 7/23/87.		Yarmouth.	RSW.
RUSHTON, WILLIAM	England, fl.1801-38, MIM OIM			8 Whittal Street (1801-08); 10 Whittal Street (1818); both in Birmingham.	Taylor 2(1695); Bryden 9.
RUSPINUS, CAREL	Holland, c.1760, PHIM	Barometers = LEY, OMM; Thermometer, mercury, 1760 = Exposition, Leiden, 1927.		op de Gr. unmonise shigs Amsterdam.	Daumas 1; USNM; RSW.
RUSSELL, ALEXANDER, AND CO.	Scotland, 1834, MIM	Sundial, 1834 = Kirkaldy Museum.	"Kirkaldy Foundry."	43 High Street, Kirkaldy.	Stevens and Aked.
RUSSELL, DANIEL	England,		owner of a quadrant by Owens, Liverpool.		RSW.
RUSSELL, HENRY	England, c.1827, PHIM		made Taylor-type rain gauges	Kings Square, Goswell Street, London.	Taylor 2(1696).
RUSSELL, JAMES	England, c.1840, MIM		advertised a planetarium.		RSW.
RUSSELL, JOHN 1	England, 1745-1806, MIM	Selenographias = Burghley House, Soth. (1791), Phillips 2/22/77, KEN (1797), KEN.	artist; amateur astronomer and mathematician; R.A.; patented the Selenographia, or moon globe, in 1796.	Newman Street, London.	Taylor 2(763); Dewhirst; A.J. Turner 10; Country Life, 3/16/78; Millburn 8; RSW.
RUSSELL, JOHN 2	Scotland, c.1745-1817, PHIM	Stick Barometers = P.C., X (3); Wheel Barometers = VAA, SPI-Anderson 3/25/27, Buckingham Palace (2), National Galleries of Scotland; Wheel Barometers, Royal = Christie 12/6/78, RSM, etc.	"Watchmaker to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales" pre-1811; "Watchmaker to H.R.H. the Prince Regent", 1811-17; invented the 'Royal Wheel' type of barometer; made at least 23 barometers; the RSM barometer is marked "inv. et fecit."	oppposite the top of Kirk Wynd, Falkirk.	Goodison 1; RSW.
RUSSELL, WILLIAM	USA, c.1809,		patented an improved marine compass in 1809.	New Bedford, Mass.	Bedini 8; USNM.
RUST			see Spencer Browning and Rust.		RSW.
RUST AND EYRE	England, c.1770, MIM OIM	Azimuth Compass = NMM.	Richard Rust and R. Eyre were partners, as R. Eyre and R. Rust, until 1785; Rust issued a Trade Card to say that he was on his own as of that date.	The Minories, London.	J.A. Bennett 2; NMM 2.
RUST, EBENEZER 1	England; Holland; England, fl.1771-1800, MIM		apprenticed to his uncle, Richard Rust, in the Grocers' Company; free in the Company on Sept 4, 1777; took apprentices; partner with William Spencer 2 and Samuel Browning 2 in Spencer, Browning and Rust 1, 1784-1800.	at Mr. Spencer's, 26 Wapping Street (1777), London; Amsterdam (1779-82); at Mr. Spencer's 327 Wapping Street (1782); Green Churchyard, St. Catherine's (1782); both in London; Eaton Ford, Beds. (1784); Eaton Socon, Beds.(1792); Wapping (1795); St. George's in the East (1798); both in London.	J. Brown 1.
RUST, EBENEZER 2	Holland; Englandfl.1809-38, MIM		apprenticed to his father, Ebenezer Rust 1, in the Grocers' Company on Sept. 3, 1795; free in the Company, June 1, 1809; a partner in Spencer, Browning and Rust 2 with William and Richard Browning, from 1819-38; optician.	Amsterdam (1782); 66 Wapping; Bun Street; both in London.	J. Brown 1 & 2.
RUST, JOSEPH 1	England, fl.1785-1801,		member of the Grocers' Company; took over his nephew, Joseph Rust 2, as an apprentice from his brother, Richard Rust, in 1785.	London.	J. Brown 1.
RUST, JOSEPH 2	England, fl.1786-93, MIM		apprenticed to his father, Richard Rust, in the Grocers' Company on Sept. 4, 1777; turned over to Joseph Rust 1, his uncle, in the Company, 1785; free in the Company on Mar. 2, 1786; took apprentices; bankrupt in 1789.	St. Catherine's (1788); 15 Free School Street, Southwark (1793); both in London.	J. Brown 1.
RUST, JOSEPH 3	England, fl.1809, MIM		apprenticed to his father, Ebenezer Rust 1, in the Grocers' Company on Dec. 6, 1798; free in the Company, Dec. 7, 1809.		J. Brown 1.
RUST, JOSEPH 4	England, fl.1811-16, NIM		T.C.; worked with Thomas Jones 2 in Jones and Rust (1811-13), which see.	28 Pool Lane, Liverpool (1816).	Brewington 1; RSW.
RUST, MRS. MARTHA	England, 1801, MIM		widow of Ebenezer Rust 1; took Joseph Fox as an apprentice in the Grocers' Company Feb. 5, 1801.	King Street, Sampson's Gardens, London.	J. Brown 2.
RUST, RICHARD	England, fl.1752-85, MIM NIM SIM	Sextant = TRE; Quadrant, 1758 = Soth. 7/8/54; Octants = ADL-A52 (1770), D.(1974), etc; Universal Ring Sundial = Soth.-N.Y. 2/23/79; Circumferentor = P.C. (1987); Mining Theodolite = HAK; Backstaff = Christie-SK 4/17/86; etc.	apprenticed to John Parminter 1 in the Grocers' Company, 1744; free of the Company, 1752; took apprentices; T.C.; partner with John Adams 3, c.1760; invented and made an artificial horizon.	at Mr. Thos. Rust's at the Anchor and Bells in the Minories (1752); the Minories (1753); at the corner of St. Catherine Stair, near the Tower of London; St. Catherine's High Street (1781); all in London.	Taylor 2(403); J. Brown 1; Crawforth 1; Calvert 2; Gunther 2; Michel 3; C.N. Robinson; Wynter 1; Clay and Court; ADL; RSW.
RUTHVEN, JOHN	Scotland, fl.1819-40, PHIM	Kaleidoscope = Soth. 6/23/87 = 10/3/88.	T.C.; Soth. 6/23/87 was misread as "I. Rufven", the other listed as "I. Rufve."	Edinburgh.	Calvert 2; Crawforth 1; RSW.
RUTSCHMANN, JOSEPH	Austria, c.1792, MIM		made an astronomical clock with Pater David Cajetano, Capuc., who was Sebastian Rutschmann.		Michel 3; Zinner 1.
RUTSCHMANN, SEBASTIAN	Austria, c.1790,		known as Pater David Cajetano, Capuc, which see.		Michel 3; Zinner 1.
RUTT, RICHARD	England; USA, 1799-1859, MIM NIM OIM		made or sold nautical compasses; worked with his son, as R. Rutt and Son, 1842; worked alone, 1845-59.	England (1799-1830+); 10 Thames Street, Feld's Point, Baltimore, Md. (1842-59).	Smart 1; Warner 12.
RUTT, RICHARD, AND SON	USA, 1842, MIM NIM OIM		T.C.	10 Thames Street, Feld's Point, Baltimore, Md.	Smart 1; Moskowitz 101.
RUTTY, THOMAS	England, c.1838, MIM OIM		apprenticed to Thomas Lefever in the Merchant Taylors' Company; free in the Company, 1838.	39 Hackney Road, London.	Taylor 2(2227); Crawforth 7.
RUTZIUS, JOHANN PETRUS	Germany, c.1700, MIM	Equatorial Sundial = OXF.		Friedberg.	Zinner 1; Michel 3; Evans 1.
RUVOLO, FRANC.	Italy?, 1687, MIM	Terrestrial Globe, ivory, 1687 = Chicago Historical Society.	signed "Franc. Ruvolo Fecit. Joseph Baranca Sculpsit Octob. 1687."		Yonge.
RUXTON, THOMAS	Ireland, c.1817, MIM			64 Aungier Street, Dublin.	Taylor 2(1424a).
RYBURN, ARTHUR	USA?, 1772, NIM	Hadley's Quadrant, 1772 = Essex Institute, Salem, Mass.	on loan to a historic house in Salem.		RSW.
RYCK, ABRAHAM DE	Holland, c.1660, MIM			Leiden.	Rooseboom 1.
RYDBECK, ANDREAS	1729, MIM	Perpetual Calendar with Lunar Volvelle, 1729 = NOR.			RSW.
RYDER, J.	USA, 1854, MIM	Inclinable Sundial, 1854 = D.(1965).		Newark, Ohio.	RSW.
RYHINER, CHARLES	USA, fl.1838-39, MIM SIM	Surveyor's Compass = Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis.		26 Chestnut Street, St. Louis, Mo.	Smart 1.
RYLAND, THOMAS	England, fl.1801-08, OIM		optician.	Great Charles Street (1801); Mary Ann Street (1808); both in Birmingham.	Bryden 9.
RYLEY, GEORGE	England, c.1680,		a Lorimer; took Jeoffrey Stagnes as an apprentice, then turned him over to Simon Chapman of the Clockmakers' Company.	London.	J. Brown 3.
RYTER, A.			misreading of Augustine Ryther.		Zinner 1.
RYTHER, AUGUSTINE	England, fl.1582-95, MIM SIM	Theodolite, 1590 = FLO; Equatorial Sundial = FLO; Universal Sundial, 1588 = Soth, 10/22/85 = KEN.	member of the Grocers' Company by 1582; took Charles Whitwell as an apprentice in the Grocers' Company in 1582; engraved maps; the instruments at FLO were brought to Florence in 1608 by Sir Robert Dudley.	a little from Leadenhall next to the Signe of the Tower, London (1590).	Taylor 1(47a); J. Brown 1 & 3; Michel 3; Zinner 1; RSW.